{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2016-4657","aliases":["UBUNTU-CVE-2016-4657"],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":"Apple iOS Webkit Memory Corruption Vulnerability","description":"WebKit in Apple iOS before 9.3.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site.","dates":{"published":"2016-08-25T21:00:00.000Z","modified":"2025-10-21T23:55:50.057Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":["2022-05-24T00:00:00.000Z"],"kevDue":["2022-06-14T00:00:00.000Z"]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":8.8,"severity":"high","version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","score":8.8,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","score":8.8,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"2.0","versionLabel":"v2.0","source":"NVD","score":6.8,"severity":"medium","vector":"AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Ubuntu","score":8.8,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":7.2,"impact":9.8,"computed":true},{"version":"3.0","versionLabel":"v3.0","source":"OSV · Ubuntu","score":8.8,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":7.2,"impact":9.8,"computed":true}]},"epss":{"probability":0.66788,"percentile":0.99289,"severity":"critical","asOf":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":0,"baselineDate":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.66788},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":0.99289}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.66788,"percentile":0.99289}]},"kev":{"state":"listed","entries":[{"source":"cisa","sourceLabel":"CISA","dateAdded":"2022-05-24T00:00:00.000Z","dueDate":"2022-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","name":"Apple iOS Webkit Memory Corruption Vulnerability","description":"Apple iOS WebKit contains a memory corruption vulnerability that allows attackers to execute remote code or cause a denial-of-service (DoS) via a crafted web site. This vulnerability could impact HTML parsers that use WebKit, including but not limited to Apple Safari and non-Apple products which rely on WebKit for HTML processing.","notes":[{"type":"url","href":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4657","label":"nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4657"}],"vendor":"Apple","product":"iOS","ransomware":false,"ransomwareUse":"Unknown","exploitationType":null}],"listedCount":1,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":true,"entry":{"source":"cisa","sourceLabel":"CISA","dateAdded":"2022-05-24T00:00:00.000Z","dueDate":"2022-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","name":"Apple iOS Webkit Memory Corruption Vulnerability","description":"Apple iOS WebKit contains a memory corruption vulnerability that allows attackers to execute remote code or cause a denial-of-service (DoS) via a crafted web site. This vulnerability could impact HTML parsers that use WebKit, including but not limited to Apple Safari and non-Apple products which rely on WebKit for HTML processing.","notes":[{"type":"url","href":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4657","label":"nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4657"}],"vendor":"Apple","product":"iOS","ransomware":false,"ransomwareUse":"Unknown","exploitationType":null}},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[{"id":"REF_F99C155C5E730EE2","name":"Exploit Reference (youtube.com)","source":"reference","url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkdPjbaLngE","maturity":"unknown","reliabilityScore":0.2,"verified":false,"type":null,"platforms":[],"requiresAuth":null,"exploitdb":null,"metasploit":null},{"id":"44213","name":"Nintendo Switch - WebKit Code Execution (PoC)","source":"exploit-database","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44213","maturity":"poc","reliabilityScore":0.5,"verified":false,"type":"dos","platforms":["hardware"],"requiresAuth":null,"exploitdb":{"verified":false,"type":"dos","platform":"hardware","file":"exploits/hardware/dos/44213.html","codes":["CVE-2016-4657"]},"metasploit":null},{"id":"44836","name":"WebKit - not_number defineProperties UAF (Metasploit)","source":"exploit-database","url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44836","maturity":"weaponized","reliabilityScore":0.8,"verified":true,"type":"remote","platforms":["ios"],"requiresAuth":null,"exploitdb":{"verified":true,"type":"remote","platform":"ios","file":"exploits/ios/remote/44836.rb","codes":["CVE-2016-4657","CVE-2016-4656","CVE-2016-4655"]},"metasploit":null},{"id":"MSF_EXPLOIT_APPLE_IOS_BROWSER_WEBKIT_TRIDENT","name":"WebKit not_number defineProperties UAF","source":"metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploit/apple_ios/browser/webkit_trident.rb","maturity":"poc","reliabilityScore":0,"verified":false,"type":"remote","platforms":[],"requiresAuth":false,"exploitdb":null,"metasploit":{"fullname":"exploit/apple_ios/browser/webkit_trident","rank":"0","rankName":"manual","postAuth":false,"check":false,"stability":["crash-service-down"],"sideEffects":["ioc-in-logs"],"reliability":["unreliable-session"]}}],"exploitCount":4,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-787","name":"Out-of-bounds Write","description":"The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.","type":"weakness","status":"Draft","abstraction":"Base","likelihoodOfExploit":"High","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/787.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"apple","product":"iphone_os","name":"iphone os","label":"iphone_os","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"o","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"< 9.3.5","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 9.3.5","eol":{"isEol":null,"eolDate":null,"matchMethod":"cpe","cycle":null,"product":{"name":"ios","label":"Apple iOS","category":"os"}},"hubHref":"/vendor/apple/iphone_os"},{"vendor":"ubuntu","product":"qtwebkit-opensource-src","name":"qtwebkit-opensource-src","label":"qtwebkit-opensource-src","ecosystem":"Ubuntu","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:deb/ubuntu/qtwebkit-opensource-src","purlType":"deb","versions":[{"text":"All versions","noFixRecorded":true,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"All versions (No fix recorded)","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"ubuntu","product":"qtwebkit-source","name":"qtwebkit-source","label":"qtwebkit-source","ecosystem":"Ubuntu","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:deb/ubuntu/qtwebkit-source","purlType":"deb","versions":[{"text":"All versions","noFixRecorded":true,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"All versions (No fix recorded)","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"ubuntu","product":"webkit2gtk","name":"webkit2gtk","label":"webkit2gtk","ecosystem":"Ubuntu","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:deb/ubuntu/webkit2gtk","purlType":"deb","versions":[{"text":"< 2.14.2-0ubuntu0.16.04.1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 2.14.2-0ubuntu0.16.04.1","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"ubuntu","product":"webkitgtk","name":"webkitgtk","label":"webkitgtk","ecosystem":"Ubuntu","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:deb/ubuntu/webkitgtk","purlType":"deb","versions":[{"text":"All versions","noFixRecorded":true,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"All versions (No fix recorded)","eol":null,"hubHref":null}],"affectedCount":5,"eol":{"hasEol":false,"count":0},"references":[{"url":"https://blog.lookout.com/blog/2016/08/25/trident-pegasus/","label":"blog.lookout.com/blog/2016/08/25/trident-pegasus/","hostname":"blog.lookout.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","Broken Link"]},{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkdPjbaLngE","label":"www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkdPjbaLngE","hostname":"www.youtube.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","Exploit"]},{"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44836/","label":"www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44836/","hostname":"www.exploit-db.com","tags":["Exploit","X Refsource EXPLOIT DB","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/92653","label":"www.securityfocus.com/bid/92653","hostname":"www.securityfocus.com","tags":["VDB Entry","X Refsource BID","Broken Link","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/HT207107","label":"support.apple.com/HT207107","hostname":"support.apple.com","tags":["X Refsource CONFIRM","Release Notes","Vendor Advisory","REPORT"]},{"url":"http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Aug/msg00000.html","label":"lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Aug/msg00000.html","hostname":"lists.apple.com","tags":["Vendor Advisory","X Refsource APPLE","Broken Link","Mailing List","REPORT"]},{"url":"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036694","label":"www.securitytracker.com/id/1036694","hostname":"www.securitytracker.com","tags":["VDB Entry","X Refsource SECTRACK","Broken Link","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-4657","label":"www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-4657","hostname":"www.cisa.gov","tags":["Government Resource","US Government Resource"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2016-4657","label":"ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2016-4657","hostname":"ubuntu.com","tags":["REPORT"]},{"url":"https://webkitgtk.org/security/WSA-2016-0006.html","label":"webkitgtk.org/security/WSA-2016-0006.html","hostname":"webkitgtk.org","tags":["REPORT"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-3166-1","label":"ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-3166-1","hostname":"ubuntu.com","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4657","label":"www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4657","hostname":"www.cve.org","tags":["REPORT"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","label":"www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","hostname":"www.cisa.gov","tags":["REPORT"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":["MGASA-2017-0069","USN-3166-1"],"duplicates":[],"related":["USN-3166-1"]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2016-08-25T21:00:00.000Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"kev-added","date":"2022-05-24T00:00:00.000Z","label":"Added to CISA KEV","detail":"Apple iOS Webkit Memory Corruption Vulnerability","source":"cisa"},{"kind":"kev-due","date":"2022-06-14T00:00:00.000Z","label":"CISA remediation due","detail":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","source":"cisa"},{"kind":"modified","date":"2025-10-21T23:55:50.057Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":85,"level":"critical","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-19T14:34:22.858Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}