{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2016-6795","aliases":["GHSA-44hv-jjx7-qfjg"],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":null,"description":"In the Convention plugin in Apache Struts 2.3.x before 2.3.31, and 2.5.x before 2.5.5, it is possible to prepare a special URL which will be used for path traversal and execution of arbitrary code on server side.","dates":{"published":"2017-09-20T17:00:00.000Z","modified":"2024-09-17T02:33:08.731Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":[],"kevDue":[]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":9.8,"severity":"critical","version":"3.0","versionLabel":"v3.0","source":"NVD","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"3.0","versionLabel":"v3.0","source":"NVD","score":9.8,"severity":"critical","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"2.0","versionLabel":"v2.0","source":"NVD","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.0","versionLabel":"v3.0","source":"OSV · Maven","score":9.8,"severity":"critical","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":10,"impact":9.8,"computed":true}]},"epss":{"probability":0.08219,"percentile":0.94832,"severity":"low","asOf":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":0,"baselineDate":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.08219},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08007,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":0.94832}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08007,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.08219,"percentile":0.94832}]},"kev":{"state":"not-listed","entries":[],"listedCount":0,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[],"exploitCount":0,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-22","name":"Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')","description":"The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.","type":"weakness","status":"Stable","abstraction":"Base","likelihoodOfExploit":"High","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/22.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"apache software foundation","product":"apache struts","name":"Apache Struts","label":"apache struts","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"2.3.x before 2.3.31","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.5.x before 2.5.5","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"2.3.x before 2.3.31 | 2.5.x before 2.5.5","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/apache_software_foundation/apache_struts"},{"vendor":"apache","product":"struts","name":"struts","label":"struts","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"2.3.20","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.20.1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.20.2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.20.3","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.21","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.22","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.23","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.24","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.24.1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.24.2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.24.3","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.25","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.26","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.27","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.28","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.28.1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.29","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2.3.30","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"2.3.20 | 2.3.20.1 | 2.3.20.2 | 2.3.20.3 | 2.3.21 | 2.3.22 | 2.3.23 | 2.3.24 | 2.3.24.1 | 2.3.24.2 | 2.3.24.3 | 2.3.25 | 2.3.26 | 2.3.27 | 2.3.28 | 2.3.28.1 | 2.3.29 | 2.3.30","eol":{"isEol":true,"eolDate":"2019-05-14T00:00:00.000Z","matchMethod":"cpe","cycle":{"name":"2.3","label":"2.3","eolFrom":"2019-05-14T00:00:00.000Z","isLts":false,"isMaintained":true,"latestVersion":"2.3.37"},"product":{"name":"apache-struts","label":"Apache Struts","category":"framework"}},"hubHref":"/vendor/apache/struts"},{"vendor":"org.apache.struts","product":"struts2-convention-plugin","name":"org.apache.struts:struts2-convention-plugin","label":"struts2-convention-plugin","ecosystem":"Maven","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.struts/struts2-convention-plugin","purlType":"maven","versions":[{"text":"≥ 2.3.0, < 2.3.31","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 2.5.0, < 2.5.5","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ 2.3.0, < 2.3.31 | ≥ 2.5.0, < 2.5.5","eol":null,"hubHref":null}],"affectedCount":3,"eol":{"hasEol":true,"count":1},"references":[{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93773","label":"www.securityfocus.com/bid/93773","hostname":"www.securityfocus.com","tags":["VDB Entry","X Refsource BID","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-042.html","label":"struts.apache.org/docs/s2-042.html","hostname":"struts.apache.org","tags":["X Refsource CONFIRM","Vendor Advisory","WEB"]},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180629-0003/","label":"security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180629-0003/","hostname":"security.netapp.com","tags":["X Refsource CONFIRM"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6795","label":"nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6795","hostname":"nvd.nist.gov","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/8e67b9144aa643769b261e2492cb561e04d016ab","label":"github.com/apache/struts/commit/8e67b9144aa643769b261e2492cb561e04d016ab","hostname":"github.com","tags":["WEB"]},{"url":"https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/c1869f4989942dd33fa4e189e0ac1f766fb5ac14","label":"github.com/apache/struts/commit/c1869f4989942dd33fa4e189e0ac1f766fb5ac14","hostname":"github.com","tags":["WEB"]},{"url":"https://github.com/apache/struts","label":"github.com/apache/struts","hostname":"github.com","tags":["PACKAGE"]},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180629-0003","label":"security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180629-0003","hostname":"security.netapp.com","tags":["WEB"]},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20200227214705/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93773","label":"web.archive.org/web/20200227214705/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93773","hostname":"web.archive.org","tags":["WEB"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":[],"duplicates":[],"related":[]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2017-09-20T17:00:00.000Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"modified","date":"2024-09-17T02:33:08.731Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":70,"level":"high","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-19T01:31:00.412Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}