{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2018-16152","aliases":["ALPINE-CVE-2018-16152","UBUNTU-CVE-2018-16152","DEBIAN-CVE-2018-16152"],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":null,"description":"In verify_emsa_pkcs1_signature() in gmp_rsa_public_key.c in the gmp plugin in strongSwan 4.x and 5.x before 5.7.0, the RSA implementation based on GMP does not reject excess data in the digestAlgorithm.parameters field during PKCS#1 v1.5 signature verification. Consequently, a remote attacker can forge signatures when small public exponents are being used, which could lead to impersonation when only an RSA signature is used for IKEv2 authentication. This is a variant of CVE-2006-4790 and CVE-2014-1568.","dates":{"published":"2018-09-26T21:00:00.000Z","modified":"2025-12-03T20:24:34.312Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":[],"kevDue":[]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":7.5,"severity":"high","version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.0","versionLabel":"v3.0","source":"NVD","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"2.0","versionLabel":"v2.0","source":"NVD","score":5,"severity":"medium","vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.0","versionLabel":"v3.0","source":"OSV · Alpine","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":10,"impact":6,"computed":true},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Ubuntu","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":10,"impact":6,"computed":true},{"version":"3.0","versionLabel":"v3.0","source":"OSV · Ubuntu","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":10,"impact":6,"computed":true},{"version":"3.0","versionLabel":"v3.0","source":"OSV · Debian","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":10,"impact":6,"computed":true}]},"epss":{"probability":0.01888,"percentile":0.79193,"severity":"low","asOf":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":0,"baselineDate":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.01888},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01894,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":0.79193}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01894,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01888,"percentile":0.79193}]},"kev":{"state":"not-listed","entries":[],"listedCount":0,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[],"exploitCount":0,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-347","name":"Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature","description":"The product does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.","type":"weakness","status":"Draft","abstraction":"Base","likelihoodOfExploit":null,"url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/347.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"alpine","product":"strongswan","name":"strongswan","label":"strongswan","ecosystem":"Alpine Linux","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:apk/alpine/strongswan","purlType":"apk","versions":[{"text":"≥ 4.0.0, < 5.7.0-r0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 4.0.0, < 5.5.3-r2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 4.0.0, < 5.6.3-r1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 4.0.0, < 5.6.3-r2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ 4.0.0, < 5.7.0-r0 | ≥ 4.0.0, < 5.5.3-r2 | ≥ 4.0.0, < 5.6.3-r1 | ≥ 4.0.0, < 5.6.3-r2","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"canonical","product":"ubuntu_linux","name":"ubuntu linux","label":"ubuntu_linux","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"o","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"14.04","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"16.04","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"18.04","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"14.04 | 16.04 | 18.04","eol":{"isEol":true,"eolDate":"2019-04-02T00:00:00.000Z","matchMethod":"cpe","cycle":{"name":"14.04","label":"14.04 'Trusty Tahr' (LTS)","eolFrom":"2019-04-02T00:00:00.000Z","isLts":true,"isMaintained":false,"latestVersion":"14.04.6"},"product":{"name":"ubuntu","label":"Ubuntu","category":"os"}},"hubHref":"/vendor/canonical/ubuntu_linux"},{"vendor":"debian","product":"strongswan","name":"strongswan","label":"strongswan","ecosystem":"Debian","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:deb/debian/strongswan","purlType":"deb","versions":[{"text":"< 5.7.0-1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 5.7.0-1","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"ubuntu","product":"strongswan","name":"strongswan","label":"strongswan","ecosystem":"Ubuntu","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:deb/ubuntu/strongswan","purlType":"deb","versions":[{"text":"< 5.1.2-0ubuntu2.10","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"< 5.3.5-1ubuntu3.7","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"< 5.6.2-1ubuntu2.2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 5.1.2-0ubuntu2.10 | < 5.3.5-1ubuntu3.7 | < 5.6.2-1ubuntu2.2","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"debian","product":"debian_linux","name":"debian linux","label":"debian_linux","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"o","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"8.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"9.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"8.0 | 9.0","eol":{"isEol":true,"eolDate":"2020-06-30T00:00:00.000Z","matchMethod":"cpe","cycle":{"name":"8","label":"8 (Jessie)","eolFrom":"2020-06-30T00:00:00.000Z","isLts":false,"isMaintained":false,"latestVersion":"8.11"},"product":{"name":"debian","label":"Debian","category":"os"}},"hubHref":"/vendor/debian/debian_linux"},{"vendor":"strongswan","product":"strongswan","name":"strongswan","label":"strongswan","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"≥ 4.0.0, ≤ 4.6.4","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 5.0.0, < 5.7.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ 4.0.0, ≤ 4.6.4 | ≥ 5.0.0, < 5.7.0","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/strongswan/strongswan"}],"affectedCount":6,"eol":{"hasEol":true,"count":2},"references":[{"url":"https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4305","label":"www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4305","hostname":"www.debian.org","tags":["Vendor Advisory","X Refsource DEBIAN","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201811-16","label":"security.gentoo.org/glsa/201811-16","hostname":"security.gentoo.org","tags":["Vendor Advisory","X Refsource GENTOO","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.strongswan.org/blog/2018/09/24/strongswan-vulnerability-%28cve-2018-16151%2C-cve-2018-16152%29.html","label":"www.strongswan.org/blog/…","hostname":"www.strongswan.org","tags":["X Refsource CONFIRM"]},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/09/msg00032.html","label":"lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/09/msg00032.html","hostname":"lists.debian.org","tags":["Mailing List","X Refsource MLIST","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://usn.ubuntu.com/3771-1/","label":"usn.ubuntu.com/3771-1/","hostname":"usn.ubuntu.com","tags":["Vendor Advisory","X Refsource UBUNTU","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-11/msg00077.html","label":"lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-11/msg00077.html","hostname":"lists.opensuse.org","tags":["Vendor Advisory","X Refsource SUSE"]},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00001.html","label":"lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-12/msg00001.html","hostname":"lists.opensuse.org","tags":["Vendor Advisory","X Refsource SUSE"]},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-03/msg00047.html","label":"lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-03/msg00047.html","hostname":"lists.opensuse.org","tags":["Vendor Advisory","X Refsource SUSE"]},{"url":"https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2018-16152","label":"security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2018-16152","hostname":"security.alpinelinux.org","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2018-16152","label":"ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2018-16152","hostname":"ubuntu.com","tags":["REPORT"]},{"url":"https://www.strongswan.org/blog/2018/09/24/strongswan-vulnerability-(cve-2018-16151,-cve-2018-16152).html","label":"www.strongswan.org/blog/2018/09/24/strongswan-vulnerability-(cve-2018-16151,-cve-2018-16152).html","hostname":"www.strongswan.org","tags":["REPORT"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-3771-1","label":"ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-3771-1","hostname":"ubuntu.com","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-16152","label":"www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-16152","hostname":"www.cve.org","tags":["REPORT"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2018-16152","label":"security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2018-16152","hostname":"security-tracker.debian.org","tags":["Advisory"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":["DLA-1522-1","DSA-4305-1","OPENSUSE-SU-2019:2594-1","OPENSUSE-SU-2019:2598-1","SUSE-SU-2019:3056-1","SUSE-SU-2019:3266-1","SUSE-SU-2022:14887-1","USN-3771-1"],"duplicates":[],"related":["OPENSUSE-SU-2019:2594-1","OPENSUSE-SU-2019:2598-1","SUSE-SU-2019:3056-1","SUSE-SU-2019:3266-1","SUSE-SU-2022:14887-1","USN-3771-1"]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2018-09-26T21:00:00.000Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"modified","date":"2025-12-03T20:24:34.312Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":30,"level":"medium","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-19T04:51:44.779Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}