{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2018-16489","aliases":["GHSA-675m-85rw-j3w4"],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":null,"description":"A prototype pollution vulnerability was found in just-extend <4.0.0 that allows attack to inject properties onto Object.prototype through its functions.","dates":{"published":"2019-02-01T18:00:00.000Z","modified":"2024-08-05T10:24:32.562Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":[],"kevDue":[]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":9.8,"severity":"critical","version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","score":9.8,"severity":"critical","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"2.0","versionLabel":"v2.0","source":"NVD","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Npm","score":9.8,"severity":"critical","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":10,"impact":9.8,"computed":true}]},"epss":{"probability":0.01836,"percentile":0.7862,"severity":"low","asOf":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":0,"baselineDate":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.01836},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":0.7862}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.01836,"percentile":0.7862}]},"kev":{"state":"not-listed","entries":[],"listedCount":0,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[{"id":"REF_B338477EED58D428","name":"Exploit Reference (hackerone.com)","source":"reference","url":"https://hackerone.com/reports/430291","maturity":"unknown","reliabilityScore":0.2,"verified":false,"type":null,"platforms":[],"requiresAuth":null,"exploitdb":null,"metasploit":null}],"exploitCount":1,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-400","name":"Uncontrolled Resource Consumption","description":"The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.","type":"weakness","status":"Draft","abstraction":"Class","likelihoodOfExploit":"High","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/400.html"},{"id":"CWE-74","name":"Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')","description":"The product constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.","type":"weakness","status":"Incomplete","abstraction":"Class","likelihoodOfExploit":"High","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/74.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"hackerone","product":"just-extend","name":"just-extend","label":"just-extend","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"< 4.0.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 4.0.0","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/hackerone/just-extend"},{"vendor":"just-extend_project","product":"just-extend","name":"just-extend","label":"just-extend","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"< 4.0.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 4.0.0","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/just-extend_project/just-extend"},{"vendor":"Npm","product":"just-extend","name":"just-extend","label":"just-extend","ecosystem":"Npm","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:npm/just-extend","purlType":"npm","versions":[{"text":"< 4.0.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 4.0.0","eol":null,"hubHref":null}],"affectedCount":3,"eol":{"hasEol":false,"count":0},"references":[{"url":"https://hackerone.com/reports/430291","label":"hackerone.com/reports/430291","hostname":"hackerone.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","Exploit","Issue Tracking","Third Party Advisory","WEB"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16489","label":"nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16489","hostname":"nvd.nist.gov","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-675m-85rw-j3w4","label":"github.com/advisories/GHSA-675m-85rw-j3w4","hostname":"github.com","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/780","label":"www.npmjs.com/advisories/780","hostname":"www.npmjs.com","tags":["WEB"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":[],"duplicates":[],"related":[]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2019-02-01T18:00:00.000Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"modified","date":"2024-08-05T10:24:32.562Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":70,"level":"high","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-19T18:02:49.261Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}