{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2018-18689","aliases":[],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":null,"description":"The Portable Document Format (PDF) specification does not provide any information regarding the concrete procedure of how to validate signatures. Consequently, a Signature Wrapping vulnerability exists in multiple products. An attacker can use /ByteRange and xref manipulations that are not detected by the signature-validation logic. This affects Foxit Reader before 9.4 and PhantomPDF before 8.3.9 and 9.x before 9.4. It also affects eXpert PDF 12 Ultimate, Expert PDF Reader, Nitro Pro, Nitro Reader, PDF Architect 6, PDF Editor 6 Pro, PDF Experte 9 Ultimate, PDFelement6 Pro, PDF Studio Viewer 2018, PDF Studio Pro, PDF-XChange Editor and Viewer, Perfect PDF 10 Premium, Perfect PDF Reader, Soda PDF, and Soda PDF Desktop.","dates":{"published":"2021-01-07T17:59:16.000Z","modified":"2024-08-05T11:16:00.394Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":[],"kevDue":[]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":5.3,"severity":"medium","version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","score":5.3,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"2.0","versionLabel":"v2.0","source":"NVD","score":5,"severity":"medium","vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false}]},"epss":{"probability":0.03632,"percentile":0.8941,"severity":"low","asOf":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":-0.056000000000000494,"baselineDate":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.03688},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03732,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03732,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03732,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03732,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03732,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":0.8941}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03732,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03732,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03732,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03732,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03732,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.03632,"percentile":0.8941}]},"kev":{"state":"not-listed","entries":[],"listedCount":0,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[],"exploitCount":0,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-347","name":"Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature","description":"The product does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.","type":"weakness","status":"Draft","abstraction":"Base","likelihoodOfExploit":null,"url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/347.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"avanquest","product":"expert_pdf_ultimate","name":"expert pdf ultimate","label":"expert_pdf_ultimate","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"12.0.20","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"12.0.20","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/avanquest/expert_pdf_ultimate"},{"vendor":"avanquest","product":"pdf_experte_ultimate","name":"pdf experte ultimate","label":"pdf_experte_ultimate","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"9.0.270","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"9.0.270","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/avanquest/pdf_experte_ultimate"},{"vendor":"foxitsoftware","product":"foxit_reader","name":"foxit reader","label":"foxit_reader","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"9.1.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"9.2.0.9297","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"9.3.0.10826","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"9.2.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"9.1.0 | 9.2.0.9297 | 9.3.0.10826 | 9.2.0","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/foxitsoftware/foxit_reader"},{"vendor":"gonitro","product":"nitro_pro","name":"nitro pro","label":"nitro_pro","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"11.0.3.173","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"11.0.3.173","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/gonitro/nitro_pro"},{"vendor":"gonitro","product":"nitro_reader","name":"nitro reader","label":"nitro_reader","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"5.5.9.2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"5.5.9.2","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/gonitro/nitro_reader"},{"vendor":"iskysoft","product":"pdf_editor_6","name":"pdf editor 6","label":"pdf_editor_6","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"6.4.2.3521","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"6.6.2.3315","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"6.7.6.3399","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"6.4.2.3521 | 6.6.2.3315 | 6.7.6.3399","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/iskysoft/pdf_editor_6"},{"vendor":"iskysoft","product":"pdfelement6","name":"pdfelement6","label":"pdfelement6","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"6.8.0.3523","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"6.8.4.3921","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"6.7.1.3355","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"6.7.6.3399","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"6.8.0.3523 | 6.8.4.3921 | 6.7.1.3355 | 6.7.6.3399","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/iskysoft/pdfelement6"},{"vendor":"pdf-xchange","product":"pdf-xchange_editor","name":"pdf-xchange editor","label":"pdf-xchange_editor","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"7.0.237.1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"7.0.326","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"7.0.237.1 | 7.0.326","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/pdf-xchange/pdf-xchange_editor"},{"vendor":"pdfforge","product":"pdf_architect","name":"pdf architect","label":"pdf_architect","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"6.0.37","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"6.1.24.1862","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"6.0.37 | 6.1.24.1862","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/pdfforge/pdf_architect"},{"vendor":"qoppa","product":"pdf_studio","name":"pdf studio","label":"pdf_studio","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"12.0.7","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"12.0.7","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/qoppa/pdf_studio"},{"vendor":"qoppa","product":"pdf_studio_viewer_2018","name":"pdf studio viewer 2018","label":"pdf_studio_viewer_2018","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"2018.0.1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"2018.2.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"2018.0.1 | 2018.2.0","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/qoppa/pdf_studio_viewer_2018"},{"vendor":"sodapdf","product":"soda_pdf","name":"soda pdf","label":"soda_pdf","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"9.3.17","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"9.3.17","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/sodapdf/soda_pdf"},{"vendor":"sodapdf","product":"soda_pdf_desktop","name":"soda pdf desktop","label":"soda_pdf_desktop","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"10.2.09","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"10.2.16.1217","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"10.2.09 | 10.2.16.1217","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/sodapdf/soda_pdf_desktop"},{"vendor":"soft-xpansion","product":"perfect_pdf_10","name":"perfect pdf 10","label":"perfect_pdf_10","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"10.0.0.1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"10.0.0.1","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/soft-xpansion/perfect_pdf_10"},{"vendor":"soft-xpansion","product":"perfect_pdf_reader","name":"perfect pdf reader","label":"perfect_pdf_reader","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"13.0.3","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"13.1.5","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"13.0.3 | 13.1.5","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/soft-xpansion/perfect_pdf_reader"},{"vendor":"tracker-software","product":"pdf-xchange_viewer","name":"pdf-xchange viewer","label":"pdf-xchange_viewer","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"2.5","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"2.5","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/tracker-software/pdf-xchange_viewer"},{"vendor":"visagesoft","product":"expert_pdf_reader","name":"expert pdf reader","label":"expert_pdf_reader","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"9.0.180","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"9.0.180","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/visagesoft/expert_pdf_reader"}],"affectedCount":17,"eol":{"hasEol":false,"count":0},"references":[{"url":"https://www.foxitsoftware.com/support/security-bulletins.php","label":"www.foxitsoftware.com/support/security-bulletins.php","hostname":"www.foxitsoftware.com","tags":["X Refsource CONFIRM","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://pdf-insecurity.org/signature/evaluation_2018.html","label":"pdf-insecurity.org/signature/evaluation_2018.html","hostname":"pdf-insecurity.org","tags":["X Refsource MISC","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://pdf-insecurity.org/signature/signature.html","label":"pdf-insecurity.org/signature/signature.html","hostname":"pdf-insecurity.org","tags":["X Refsource MISC","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.pdfa.org/recently-identified-pdf-digital-signature-vulnerabilities/","label":"www.pdfa.org/recently-identified-pdf-digital-signature-vulnerabilities/","hostname":"www.pdfa.org","tags":["X Refsource MISC","Third Party Advisory"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":[],"duplicates":[],"related":[]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2021-01-07T17:59:16.000Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"modified","date":"2024-08-05T11:16:00.394Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":22,"level":"low","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-20T10:43:22.095Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}