{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2020-17530","aliases":["GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv"],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":"Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability","description":"Forced OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution. Affected software : Apache Struts 2.0.0 - Struts 2.5.25.","dates":{"published":"2020-12-11T01:11:04.000Z","modified":"2025-10-21T23:35:31.563Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":["2021-11-03T00:00:00.000Z"],"kevDue":["2022-05-03T00:00:00.000Z"]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":9.8,"severity":"critical","version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","score":9.8,"severity":"critical","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Maven","score":9.8,"severity":"critical","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H","exploitability":10,"impact":9.8,"computed":true},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","score":9.8,"severity":"critical","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"2.0","versionLabel":"v2.0","source":"NVD","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false}]},"epss":{"probability":0.95931,"percentile":0.99875,"severity":"critical","asOf":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":0,"baselineDate":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.95931},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":0.99875}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.95931,"percentile":0.99875}]},"kev":{"state":"listed","entries":[{"source":"cisa","sourceLabel":"CISA","dateAdded":"2021-11-03T00:00:00.000Z","dueDate":"2022-05-03T00:00:00.000Z","requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","name":"Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability","description":"Forced Object-Graph Navigation Language (OGNL) evaluation in Apache Struts, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, can lead to remote code execution.","notes":[{"type":"url","href":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-17530","label":"nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-17530"}],"vendor":"Apache","product":"Struts","ransomware":false,"ransomwareUse":"Unknown","exploitationType":null}],"listedCount":1,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":true,"entry":{"source":"cisa","sourceLabel":"CISA","dateAdded":"2021-11-03T00:00:00.000Z","dueDate":"2022-05-03T00:00:00.000Z","requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","name":"Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability","description":"Forced Object-Graph Navigation Language (OGNL) evaluation in Apache Struts, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, can lead to remote code execution.","notes":[{"type":"url","href":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-17530","label":"nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-17530"}],"vendor":"Apache","product":"Struts","ransomware":false,"ransomwareUse":"Unknown","exploitationType":null}},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[{"id":"MSF_EXPLOIT_MULTI_HTTP_STRUTS2_MULTI_EVAL_OGNL","name":"Apache Struts 2 Forced Multi OGNL Evaluation","source":"metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts2_multi_eval_ognl.rb","maturity":"weaponized","reliabilityScore":1,"verified":true,"type":"remote","platforms":[],"requiresAuth":false,"exploitdb":null,"metasploit":{"fullname":"exploit/multi/http/struts2_multi_eval_ognl","rank":"600","rankName":"excellent","postAuth":false,"check":true,"stability":["crash-safe"],"sideEffects":["artifacts-on-disk","ioc-in-logs"],"reliability":["repeatable-session"]}}],"exploitCount":1,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-917","name":"Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection')","description":"The product constructs all or part of an expression language (EL) statement in a framework such as a Java Server Page (JSP) using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended EL statement before it is executed.","type":"weakness","status":"Incomplete","abstraction":"Base","likelihoodOfExploit":null,"url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/917.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"apache software foundation","product":"apache struts","name":"Apache Struts","label":"apache struts","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"Struts 2.0.0 - Struts 2.5.25","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"Struts 2.0.0 - Struts 2.5.25","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/apache_software_foundation/apache_struts"},{"vendor":"apache","product":"struts","name":"struts","label":"struts","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"≥ 2.0.0, < 2.5.30","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ 2.0.0, < 2.5.30","eol":{"isEol":null,"eolDate":null,"matchMethod":"cpe","cycle":null,"product":{"name":"apache-struts","label":"Apache Struts","category":"framework"}},"hubHref":"/vendor/apache/struts"},{"vendor":"org.apache.struts","product":"struts2-core","name":"org.apache.struts:struts2-core","label":"struts2-core","ecosystem":"Maven","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:maven/org.apache.struts/struts2-core","purlType":"maven","versions":[{"text":"≥ 2.0.0, < 2.5.26","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ 2.0.0, < 2.5.26","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"oracle","product":"business_intelligence","name":"business intelligence","label":"business_intelligence","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"12.2.1.3.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"12.2.1.4.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"12.2.1.3.0 | 12.2.1.4.0","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/oracle/business_intelligence"},{"vendor":"oracle","product":"communications_diameter_intelligence_hub","name":"communications diameter intelligence hub","label":"communications_diameter_intelligence_hub","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"8.0.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"8.1.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"8.2.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"8.2.3","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"8.0.0 | 8.1.0 | 8.2.0 | 8.2.3","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/oracle/communications_diameter_intelligence_hub"},{"vendor":"oracle","product":"communications_policy_management","name":"communications policy management","label":"communications_policy_management","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"12.5.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"12.5.0","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/oracle/communications_policy_management"},{"vendor":"oracle","product":"communications_pricing_design_center","name":"communications pricing design center","label":"communications_pricing_design_center","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"12.0.0.3.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"12.0.0.3.0","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/oracle/communications_pricing_design_center"},{"vendor":"oracle","product":"financial_services_data_integration_hub","name":"financial services data integration hub","label":"financial_services_data_integration_hub","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"8.0.3","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"8.0.6","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"8.0.3 | 8.0.6","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/oracle/financial_services_data_integration_hub"},{"vendor":"oracle","product":"hospitality_opera_5","name":"hospitality opera 5","label":"hospitality_opera_5","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"5.6","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"5.6","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/oracle/hospitality_opera_5"},{"vendor":"oracle","product":"mysql_enterprise_monitor","name":"mysql enterprise monitor","label":"mysql_enterprise_monitor","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"8.0.23","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"8.0.23","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/oracle/mysql_enterprise_monitor"}],"affectedCount":10,"eol":{"hasEol":false,"count":0},"references":[{"url":"https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-061","label":"cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-061","hostname":"cwiki.apache.org","tags":["X Refsource CONFIRM","WEB","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN43969166/index.html","label":"jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN43969166/index.html","hostname":"jvn.jp","tags":["Third Party Advisory","X Refsource JVN","WEB"]},{"url":"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html","label":"www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html","hostname":"www.oracle.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","WEB","Patch","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/160721/Apache-Struts-2-Forced-Multi-OGNL-Evaluation.html","label":"packetstormsecurity.com/files/160721/Apache-Struts-2-Forced-Multi-OGNL-Evaluation.html","hostname":"packetstormsecurity.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","WEB","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210115-0005/","label":"security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210115-0005/","hostname":"security.netapp.com","tags":["X Refsource CONFIRM","Patch","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html","label":"www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html","hostname":"www.oracle.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","WEB","Patch","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html","label":"www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html","hostname":"www.oracle.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","WEB","Patch","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html","label":"www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html","hostname":"www.oracle.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","WEB","Patch","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html","label":"www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html","hostname":"www.oracle.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","WEB","Patch","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/04/12/6","label":"www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/04/12/6","hostname":"www.openwall.com","tags":["Mailing List","X Refsource MLIST","WEB","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html","label":"www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html","hostname":"www.oracle.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","WEB","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2020-17530","label":"www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2020-17530","hostname":"www.cisa.gov","tags":["Government Resource","WEB","US Government Resource"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-17530","label":"nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-17530","hostname":"nvd.nist.gov","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/apache/struts","label":"github.com/apache/struts","hostname":"github.com","tags":["PACKAGE"]},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210115-0005","label":"security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210115-0005","hostname":"security.netapp.com","tags":["WEB"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":[],"duplicates":[],"related":[]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2020-12-11T01:11:04.000Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"kev-added","date":"2021-11-03T00:00:00.000Z","label":"Added to CISA KEV","detail":"Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability","source":"cisa"},{"kind":"kev-due","date":"2022-05-03T00:00:00.000Z","label":"CISA remediation due","detail":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","source":"cisa"},{"kind":"modified","date":"2025-10-21T23:35:31.563Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":85,"level":"critical","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-19T03:02:20.800Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}