{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2021-28664","aliases":[],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":"Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Unspecified Vulnerability","description":"The Arm Mali GPU kernel driver allows privilege escalation or a denial of service (memory corruption) because an unprivileged user can achieve read/write access to read-only pages. This affects Bifrost r0p0 through r29p0 before r30p0, Valhall r19p0 through r29p0 before r30p0, and Midgard r8p0 through r30p0 before r31p0.","dates":{"published":"2021-05-10T00:00:00.000Z","modified":"2025-10-21T23:25:46.137Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":["2021-11-03T00:00:00.000Z"],"kevDue":["2021-11-17T00:00:00.000Z"]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":9,"severity":"high","version":"2.0","versionLabel":"v2.0","source":"NVD","vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","score":8.8,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","score":8.8,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"2.0","versionLabel":"v2.0","source":"NVD","score":9,"severity":"high","vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false}]},"epss":{"probability":0.05407,"percentile":0.92615,"severity":"low","asOf":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":0,"baselineDate":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.05407},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":0.92615}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.05407,"percentile":0.92615}]},"kev":{"state":"listed","entries":[{"source":"cisa","sourceLabel":"CISA","dateAdded":"2021-11-03T00:00:00.000Z","dueDate":"2021-11-17T00:00:00.000Z","requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","name":"Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Unspecified Vulnerability","description":"Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) kernel driver contains an unspecified vulnerability that may allow a non-privileged user to gain write access to read-only memory, gain root privilege, corrupt memory, and modify the memory of other processes.","notes":[{"type":"url","href":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28664","label":"nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28664"}],"vendor":"Arm","product":"Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)","ransomware":false,"ransomwareUse":"Unknown","exploitationType":null}],"listedCount":1,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":true,"entry":{"source":"cisa","sourceLabel":"CISA","dateAdded":"2021-11-03T00:00:00.000Z","dueDate":"2021-11-17T00:00:00.000Z","requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","name":"Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Unspecified Vulnerability","description":"Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) kernel driver contains an unspecified vulnerability that may allow a non-privileged user to gain write access to read-only memory, gain root privilege, corrupt memory, and modify the memory of other processes.","notes":[{"type":"url","href":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28664","label":"nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-28664"}],"vendor":"Arm","product":"Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)","ransomware":false,"ransomwareUse":"Unknown","exploitationType":null}},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[],"exploitCount":0,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-787","name":"Out-of-bounds Write","description":"The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.","type":"weakness","status":"Draft","abstraction":"Base","likelihoodOfExploit":"High","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/787.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"arm","product":"bifrost_gpu_kernel_driver","name":"bifrost gpu kernel driver","label":"bifrost_gpu_kernel_driver","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"≥ r0p0, < r29p0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ r0p0, < r29p0","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/arm/bifrost_gpu_kernel_driver"},{"vendor":"arm","product":"midgard_gpu_kernel_driver","name":"midgard gpu kernel driver","label":"midgard_gpu_kernel_driver","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"≥ r8p0, < r31p0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ r8p0, < r31p0","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/arm/midgard_gpu_kernel_driver"},{"vendor":"arm","product":"valhall_gpu_kernel_driver","name":"valhall gpu kernel driver","label":"valhall_gpu_kernel_driver","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"≥ r19p0, < r29p0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ r19p0, < r29p0","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/arm/valhall_gpu_kernel_driver"}],"affectedCount":3,"eol":{"hasEol":false,"count":0},"references":[{"url":"https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates","label":"developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates","hostname":"developer.arm.com","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/mali-gpu-kernel-driver","label":"developer.arm.com/support/arm-security-updates/mali-gpu-kernel-driver","hostname":"developer.arm.com","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://developer.arm.com/Arm%20Security%20Center/Mali%20GPU%20Driver%20Vulnerabilities","label":"developer.arm.com/Arm%20Security%20Center/Mali%20GPU%20Driver%20Vulnerabilities","hostname":"developer.arm.com","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-28664","label":"www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-28664","hostname":"www.cisa.gov","tags":["Government Resource","US Government Resource"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":[],"duplicates":[],"related":[]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2021-05-10T00:00:00.000Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"kev-added","date":"2021-11-03T00:00:00.000Z","label":"Added to CISA KEV","detail":"Arm Mali Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Unspecified Vulnerability","source":"cisa"},{"kind":"kev-due","date":"2021-11-17T00:00:00.000Z","label":"CISA remediation due","detail":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","source":"cisa"},{"kind":"modified","date":"2025-10-21T23:25:46.137Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":85,"level":"critical","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-20T18:18:01.307Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}