{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2023-44378","aliases":["GHSA-498w-5j49-vqjg","GO-2023-2098"],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":null,"description":"gnark is a zk-SNARK library that offers a high-level API to design circuits. Prior to version 0.9.0, for some in-circuit values, it is possible to construct two valid decomposition to bits. In addition to the canonical decomposition of `a`, for small values there exists a second decomposition for `a+r` (where `r` is the modulus the values are being reduced by). The second decomposition was possible due to overflowing the field where the values are defined. Upgrading to version 0.9.0 should fix the issue without needing to change the calls to value comparison methods.","dates":{"published":"2023-10-09T13:33:54.973Z","modified":"2024-09-19T13:52:13.521Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":[],"kevDue":[]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":7.1,"severity":"high","version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","score":7.1,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Go","score":5.5,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":4.6,"impact":6,"computed":true},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","score":5.5,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false}]},"epss":{"probability":0.00234,"percentile":0.13494,"severity":"low","asOf":"2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":0.010000000000000026,"baselineDate":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.00224},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":0.13494}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00224,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00234,"percentile":0.13494}]},"kev":{"state":"not-listed","entries":[],"listedCount":0,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[],"exploitCount":0,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-191","name":"Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound)","description":"The product subtracts one value from another, such that the result is less than the minimum allowable integer value, which produces a value that is not equal to the correct result.","type":"weakness","status":"Draft","abstraction":"Base","likelihoodOfExploit":null,"url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/191.html"},{"id":"CWE-697","name":"Incorrect Comparison","description":"The product compares two entities in a security-relevant context, but the comparison is incorrect.","type":"weakness","status":"Incomplete","abstraction":"Pillar","likelihoodOfExploit":null,"url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/697.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"consensys","product":"gnark","name":"gnark","label":"gnark","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"< 0.9.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 0.9.0","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/consensys/gnark"},{"vendor":"github.com/consensys","product":"gnark","name":"github.com/consensys/gnark","label":"gnark","ecosystem":"Go","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/consensys/gnark","purlType":"golang","versions":[{"text":"< 0.9.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 0.9.0","eol":null,"hubHref":null}],"affectedCount":2,"eol":{"hasEol":false,"count":0},"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/security/advisories/GHSA-498w-5j49-vqjg","label":"github.com/Consensys/gnark/security/advisories/GHSA-498w-5j49-vqjg","hostname":"github.com","tags":["X Refsource CONFIRM","WEB","Mitigation","Patch","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/zkopru-network/zkopru/issues/116","label":"github.com/zkopru-network/zkopru/issues/116","hostname":"github.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","WEB","REPORT","Not Applicable"]},{"url":"https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/commit/59a4087261a6c73f13e80d695c17b398c3d0934f","label":"github.com/Consensys/gnark/commit/59a4087261a6c73f13e80d695c17b398c3d0934f","hostname":"github.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","WEB","FIX","Patch"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44378","label":"nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44378","hostname":"nvd.nist.gov","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/pull/835","label":"github.com/Consensys/gnark/pull/835","hostname":"github.com","tags":["WEB","FIX"]},{"url":"https://github.com/Consensys/gnark","label":"github.com/Consensys/gnark","hostname":"github.com","tags":["PACKAGE"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-498w-5j49-vqjg","label":"github.com/advisories/GHSA-498w-5j49-vqjg","hostname":"github.com","tags":["Advisory"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":[],"duplicates":[],"related":[]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2023-10-09T13:33:54.973Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"modified","date":"2024-09-19T13:52:13.521Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":28,"level":"medium","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-22T15:30:33.280Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}