{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2025-10230","aliases":["ALPINE-CVE-2025-10230","UBUNTU-CVE-2025-10230","DEBIAN-CVE-2025-10230"],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":null,"description":"A flaw was found in Samba, in the front-end WINS hook handling: NetBIOS names from registration packets are passed to a shell without proper validation or escaping. Unsanitized NetBIOS name data from WINS registration packets are inserted into a shell command and executed by the Samba Active Directory Domain Controller’s wins hook, allowing an unauthenticated network attacker to achieve remote command execution as the Samba process.","dates":{"published":"2025-11-07T19:42:06.624Z","modified":"2026-08-31T11:24:35.193Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":[],"kevDue":[]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":10,"severity":"critical","version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","score":10,"severity":"critical","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Alpine","score":10,"severity":"critical","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":10,"impact":10,"computed":true},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Ubuntu","score":10,"severity":"critical","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":10,"impact":10,"computed":true},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Debian","score":10,"severity":"critical","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":10,"impact":10,"computed":true},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","score":10,"severity":"critical","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false}]},"epss":{"probability":0.39769,"percentile":0.98611,"severity":"high","asOf":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":0.11599999999999944,"baselineDate":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.39653},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":0.98611}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39653,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.39769,"percentile":0.98611}]},"kev":{"state":"not-listed","entries":[],"listedCount":0,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[],"exploitCount":0,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-78","name":"Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')","description":"The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.","type":"weakness","status":"Stable","abstraction":"Base","likelihoodOfExploit":"High","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/78.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"alpine","product":"samba","name":"samba","label":"samba","ecosystem":"Alpine Linux","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:apk/alpine/samba","purlType":"apk","versions":[{"text":"< 4.21.9-r0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 4.21.9-r0","eol":{"isEol":null,"eolDate":null,"matchMethod":"name_exact","cycle":null,"product":{"name":"samba","label":"Samba","category":"server-app"}},"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"debian","product":"samba","name":"samba","label":"samba","ecosystem":"Debian","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:deb/debian/samba","purlType":"deb","versions":[{"text":"< 2:4.17.12+dfsg-0+deb12u3","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"< 2:4.22.6+dfsg-0+deb13u1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"< 2:4.23.2+dfsg-1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 2:4.17.12+dfsg-0+deb12u3 | < 2:4.22.6+dfsg-0+deb13u1 | < 2:4.23.2+dfsg-1","eol":{"isEol":null,"eolDate":null,"matchMethod":"name_exact","cycle":null,"product":{"name":"samba","label":"Samba","category":"server-app"}},"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"ubuntu","product":"samba","name":"samba","label":"samba","ecosystem":"Ubuntu","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:deb/ubuntu/samba","purlType":"deb","versions":[{"text":"< 2:4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.14.04.20+esm15","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"< 2:4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.16.04.34+esm4","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"< 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.29+esm3","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"< 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu0.20.04.8+esm1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"< 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.10","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"< 2:4.19.5+dfsg-4ubuntu9.4","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"< 2:4.22.3+dfsg-4ubuntu2.1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 2:4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.14.04.20+esm15 | < 2:4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.16.04.34+esm4 | < 2:4.7.6+dfsg~ubuntu-0ubuntu2.29+esm3 | < 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu0.20.04.8+esm1 | < 2:4.15.13+dfsg-0ubuntu1.10 | < 2:4.19.5+dfsg-4ubuntu9.4 | < 2:4.22.3+dfsg-4ubuntu2.1","eol":{"isEol":null,"eolDate":null,"matchMethod":"name_exact","cycle":null,"product":{"name":"samba","label":"Samba","category":"server-app"}},"hubHref":null}],"affectedCount":3,"eol":{"hasEol":false,"count":0},"references":[{"url":"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-10230","label":"access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-10230","hostname":"access.redhat.com","tags":["VDB Entry","X Refsource REDHAT"]},{"url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2394377","label":"bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2394377","hostname":"bugzilla.redhat.com","tags":["Issue Tracking","X Refsource REDHAT"]},{"url":"https://www.samba.org/samba/history/security.html","label":"www.samba.org/samba/history/security.html","hostname":"www.samba.org","tags":[]},{"url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-10230-detect-samba-vulnerability","label":"www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-10230-detect-samba-vulnerability","hostname":"www.vicarius.io","tags":[]},{"url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-10230-mitigate-samba-vulnerability","label":"www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-10230-mitigate-samba-vulnerability","hostname":"www.vicarius.io","tags":[]},{"url":"https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2025-10230","label":"security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2025-10230","hostname":"security.alpinelinux.org","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-10230","label":"ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-10230","hostname":"ubuntu.com","tags":["REPORT"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-10230","label":"www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-10230","hostname":"www.cve.org","tags":["REPORT"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7826-1","label":"ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7826-1","hostname":"ubuntu.com","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7826-2","label":"ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7826-2","hostname":"ubuntu.com","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-10230","label":"security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-10230","hostname":"security-tracker.debian.org","tags":["Advisory"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":["MGASA-2026-0142","OPENSUSE-SU-2025:15649-1","OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20048-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03603-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03604-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03612-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03618-1","SUSE-SU-2025:21005-1","SUSE-SU-2025:21026-1","SUSE-SU-2025:3676-1","SUSE-SU-2025:3677-1","USN-7826-1","USN-7826-2"],"duplicates":[],"related":["OPENSUSE-SU-2025:15649-1","OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20048-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03603-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03604-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03612-1","SUSE-SU-2025:03618-1","SUSE-SU-2025:21005-1","SUSE-SU-2025:21026-1","SUSE-SU-2025:3676-1","SUSE-SU-2025:3677-1","USN-7826-1","USN-7826-2"]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2025-11-07T19:42:06.624Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"modified","date":"2026-08-31T11:24:35.193Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":70,"level":"high","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-20T13:36:36.304Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}