{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2025-15178","aliases":[],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":"Tenda WH450 HTTP Request VirtualSer stack-based overflow","description":"A vulnerability was found in Tenda WH450 1.0.0.18. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /goform/VirtualSer of the component HTTP Request Handler. The manipulation of the argument page results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.","dates":{"published":"2025-12-29T07:32:09.177Z","modified":"2026-02-24T06:10:41.150Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":[],"kevDue":[]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":8.6,"severity":"high","version":"4.0","versionLabel":"v4.0","source":"CVE.org","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"4.0","versionLabel":"v4.0","source":"CVE.org","score":8.6,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","score":7.2,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.0","versionLabel":"v3.0","source":"CVE.org","score":7.2,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"2.0","versionLabel":"v2.0","source":"CVE.org","score":8.3,"severity":"high","vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:M/C:C/I:C/A:C/E:POC/RL:ND/RC:UR","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"4.0","versionLabel":"v4.0","source":"NVD","score":7.3,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","score":7.2,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"2.0","versionLabel":"v2.0","source":"NVD","score":8.3,"severity":"high","vector":"AV:N/AC:L/Au:M/C:C/I:C/A:C","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false}]},"epss":{"probability":0.0079,"percentile":0.55782,"severity":"low","asOf":"2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":0.018000000000000047,"baselineDate":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.00772},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00772,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00772,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00772,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00772,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00772,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00772,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00772,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00772,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00772,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00772,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":0.55782}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00772,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00772,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0079,"percentile":0.55782}]},"kev":{"state":"not-listed","entries":[],"listedCount":0,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[{"id":"GITHUB_Z472421519_BINARYAUDIT","name":"Binaryaudit","source":"github","url":"https://github.com/z472421519/BinaryAudit/blob/main/PoC/BOF/TOTOLINK/wepkey/wepkey.md","maturity":"poc","reliabilityScore":0.3,"verified":false,"type":null,"platforms":[],"requiresAuth":null,"exploitdb":null,"metasploit":null}],"exploitCount":1,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-119","name":"Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer","description":"The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.","type":"weakness","status":"Stable","abstraction":"Class","likelihoodOfExploit":"High","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/119.html"},{"id":"CWE-121","name":"Stack-based Buffer Overflow","description":"A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).","type":"weakness","status":"Draft","abstraction":"Variant","likelihoodOfExploit":"High","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/121.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"tenda","product":"wh450_firmware","name":"wh450 firmware","label":"wh450_firmware","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"o","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"1.0.0.18","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"1.0.0.18","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/tenda/wh450"}],"affectedCount":1,"eol":{"hasEol":false,"count":0},"references":[{"url":"https://vuldb.com/?id.338563","label":"vuldb.com?id.338563","hostname":"vuldb.com","tags":["VDB Entry","Technical Description","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.338563","label":"vuldb.com?ctiid.338563","hostname":"vuldb.com","tags":["Signature","Permissions Required","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"https://vuldb.com/?submit.721217","label":"vuldb.com?submit.721217","hostname":"vuldb.com","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"https://github.com/z472421519/BinaryAudit/blob/main/PoC/BOF/Tenda_WH450/VirtualSer/VirtualSer.md","label":"github.com/z472421519/BinaryAudit/blob/main/PoC/BOF/Tenda_WH450/VirtualSer/VirtualSer.md","hostname":"github.com","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/z472421519/BinaryAudit/blob/main/PoC/BOF/Tenda_WH450/VirtualSer/VirtualSer.md#reproduce","label":"github.com/z472421519/BinaryAudit/blob/main/PoC/BOF/Tenda_WH450/VirtualSer/VirtualSer.md","hostname":"github.com","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.tenda.com.cn/","label":"www.tenda.com.cn","hostname":"www.tenda.com.cn","tags":["Product"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":[],"duplicates":[],"related":[]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2025-12-29T07:32:09.177Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"modified","date":"2026-02-24T06:10:41.150Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":45,"level":"medium","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-22T21:11:25.757Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}