{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2025-1686","aliases":["CGA-2qxp-c629-3xj8","CGA-5w54-fvr8-x8pg","GHSA-p75g-cxfj-7wrx"],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":null,"description":"Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ.\n\n Workaround\n\nThis vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates:\n\njava\nnew PebbleEngine.Builder()\n            .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder()\n                    .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of(\"include\"))\n                    .build())\n            .build();","dates":{"published":"2025-02-27T05:00:05.848Z","modified":"2026-04-19T07:54:57.303Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":[],"kevDue":[]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":6.1,"severity":"medium","version":"4.0","versionLabel":"v4.0","source":"CVE.org","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"4.0","versionLabel":"v4.0","source":"CVE.org","score":6.1,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"4.0","versionLabel":"v4.0","source":"OSV · Wolfi","score":6.1,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":true},{"version":"4.0","versionLabel":"v4.0","source":"OSV · 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Reference (security.snyk.io)","source":"reference","url":"https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-IOPEBBLETEMPLATES-8745594","maturity":"unknown","reliabilityScore":0.2,"verified":false,"type":null,"platforms":[],"requiresAuth":null,"exploitdb":null,"metasploit":null}],"exploitCount":1,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-73","name":"External Control of File Name or Path","description":"The product allows user input to control or influence paths or file names that are used in filesystem operations.","type":"weakness","status":"Draft","abstraction":"Base","likelihoodOfExploit":"High","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/73.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"chainguard","product":"dependency-track-bundled","name":"dependency-track-bundled","label":"dependency-track-bundled","ecosystem":"Chainguard","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:apk/chainguard/dependency-track-bundled","purlType":"apk","versions":[{"text":"< 4.13.5-r0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 4.13.5-r0","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"wolfi","product":"dependency-track-bundled","name":"dependency-track-bundled","label":"dependency-track-bundled","ecosystem":"Wolfi","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:apk/wolfi/dependency-track-bundled","purlType":"apk","versions":[{"text":"< 4.13.5-r0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 4.13.5-r0","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"io.pebbletemplates","product":"pebble","name":"io.pebbletemplates:pebble","label":"pebble","ecosystem":"Maven","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:maven/io.pebbletemplates/pebble","purlType":"maven","versions":[{"text":"≤ 3.2.3","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≤ 3.2.3","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"pebbletemplates","product":"pebble_templates","name":"pebble templates","label":"pebble_templates","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"< 4.1.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 4.1.0","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/pebbletemplates/pebble_templates"}],"affectedCount":4,"eol":{"hasEol":false,"count":0},"references":[{"url":"https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-IOPEBBLETEMPLATES-8745594","label":"security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-IOPEBBLETEMPLATES-8745594","hostname":"security.snyk.io","tags":["WEB","Exploit","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/680","label":"github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/680","hostname":"github.com","tags":["REPORT","WEB","Issue Tracking"]},{"url":"https://pebbletemplates.io/wiki/tag/include","label":"pebbletemplates.io/wiki/tag/include","hostname":"pebbletemplates.io","tags":["WEB","Product"]},{"url":"https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/688","label":"github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/issues/688","hostname":"github.com","tags":["REPORT","WEB","Issue Tracking","Vendor 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