{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2025-21598","aliases":[],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":null,"description":"An Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved's routing protocol daemon (rpd) allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to send malformed BGP packets to a device configured with packet receive trace options enabled to crash rpd.\nThis issue affects:\n\nJunos OS:\n\n\n\n  *  from 21.2R3-S8 before 21.2R3-S9,\n  *  from 21.4R3-S7 before 21.4R3-S9,\n  *  from 22.2R3-S4 before 22.2R3-S5,\n  *  from 22.3R3-S2 before 22.3R3-S4,\n  *  from 22.4R3 before 22.4R3-S5,\n  *  from 23.2R2 before 23.2R2-S2,\n  *  from 23.4R1 before 23.4R2-S1,\n  *  from 24.2R1 before 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2.\n\n\nJunos OS Evolved:\n  *  from 21.4R3-S7-EVO before 21.4R3-S9-EVO,\n  *  from 22.2R3-S4-EVO before 22.2R3-S5-EVO,\n  *  from 22.3R3-S2-EVO before 22.3R3-S4-EVO,\n  *  from 22.4R3-EVO before 22.4R3-S5-EVO,\n  *  from 23.2R2-EVO before 23.2R2-S2-EVO,\n  *  from 23.4R1-EVO before 23.4R2-S1-EVO,\n  *  from 24.2R1-EVO before 24.2R1-S2-EVO, 24.2R2-EVO.\n\n\nThis issue requires a BGP session to be established.\n\nThis issue can propagate and multiply through multiple ASes until reaching vulnerable devices.\n\nThis issue affects iBGP and eBGP.\n\nThis issue affects IPv4 and IPv6.\n\nAn indicator of compromise may be the presence of malformed update messages in a neighboring AS which is unaffected by this issue:\n\nFor example, by issuing the command on the neighboring device:\n show log messages\n\nReviewing for similar messages from devices within proximity to each other may indicate this malformed packet is propagating:\n  rpd[<pid>]: Received malformed update from <IP address> (External AS <AS#>)\nand\n  rpd[<pid>]: Malformed Attribute","dates":{"published":"2025-01-09T18:16:32.549Z","modified":"2025-01-09T20:15:00.238Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":[],"kevDue":[]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":8.2,"severity":"high","version":"4.0","versionLabel":"v4.0","source":"CVE.org","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/AU:Y/R:A/V:C/RE:M/U:Amber","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"4.0","versionLabel":"v4.0","source":"CVE.org","score":8.2,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/AU:Y/R:A/V:C/RE:M/U:Amber","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"4.0","versionLabel":"v4.0","source":"NVD","score":8.2,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:A/V:C/RE:M/U:Amber","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false}]},"epss":{"probability":0.00717,"percentile":0.53026,"severity":"low","asOf":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":-0.010999999999999985,"baselineDate":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.00728},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00717,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00717,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00717,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00717,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00717,"percentile":0.53026}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00728,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00722,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00717,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00717,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00717,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00717,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00717,"percentile":0.53026}]},"kev":{"state":"not-listed","entries":[],"listedCount":0,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[],"exploitCount":0,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-125","name":"Out-of-bounds Read","description":"The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.","type":"weakness","status":"Draft","abstraction":"Base","likelihoodOfExploit":null,"url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/125.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"juniper networks","product":"junos os","name":"Junos OS","label":"junos os","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"≥ 21.2R3-S8, < 21.2R3-S9","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 21.4R3-S7, < 21.4R3-S9","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 22.2R3-S4, < 22.2R3-S5","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 22.3R3-S2, < 22.3R3-S4","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 22.4R3, < 22.4R3-S5","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 23.2R2, < 23.2R2-S2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 23.4R1, < 23.4R2-S1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 24.2R1, < 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ 21.2R3-S8, < 21.2R3-S9 | ≥ 21.4R3-S7, < 21.4R3-S9 | ≥ 22.2R3-S4, < 22.2R3-S5 | ≥ 22.3R3-S2, < 22.3R3-S4 | ≥ 22.4R3, < 22.4R3-S5 | ≥ 23.2R2, < 23.2R2-S2 | ≥ 23.4R1, < 23.4R2-S1 | ≥ 24.2R1, < 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/juniper_networks/junos_os"},{"vendor":"juniper networks","product":"junos os evolved","name":"Junos OS Evolved","label":"junos os evolved","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"≥ 21.4R3-S7-EVO, < 21.4R3-S9-EVO","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 22.2R3-S4-EVO, < 22.2R3-S5-EVO","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 22.3R3-S2-EVO, < 22.3R3-S4-EVO","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 22.4R3-EVO, < 22.4R3-S5-EVO","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 23.2R2-EVO, < 23.2R2-S2-EVO","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 23.4R1-EVO, < 23.4R2-S1-EVO","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 24.2R1-EVO, < 24.2R1-S2-EVO, 24.2R2-EVO","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ 21.4R3-S7-EVO, < 21.4R3-S9-EVO | ≥ 22.2R3-S4-EVO, < 22.2R3-S5-EVO | ≥ 22.3R3-S2-EVO, < 22.3R3-S4-EVO | ≥ 22.4R3-EVO, < 22.4R3-S5-EVO | ≥ 23.2R2-EVO, < 23.2R2-S2-EVO | ≥ 23.4R1-EVO, < 23.4R2-S1-EVO | ≥ 24.2R1-EVO, < 24.2R1-S2-EVO, 24.2R2-EVO","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/juniper_networks/junos_os_evolved"},{"vendor":"juniper","product":"junos","name":"junos","label":"junos","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"o","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"21.2:r3-s8","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"21.4:r3-s7","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"21.4:r3-s8","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.2:r3-s4","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.3:r3-s2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.3:r3-s3","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.4:r3","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.4:r3-s1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.4:r3-s2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.4:r3-s3","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.4:r3-s4","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"23.2:r2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"23.2:r2-s1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"23.4:r1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"23.4:r1-s1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"23.4:r1-s2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"23.4:r2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"24.2:r1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"24.2:r2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"21.2:r3-s8 | 21.4:r3-s7 | 21.4:r3-s8 | 22.2:r3-s4 | 22.3:r3-s2 | 22.3:r3-s3 | 22.4:r3 | 22.4:r3-s1 | 22.4:r3-s2 | 22.4:r3-s3 | 22.4:r3-s4 | 23.2:r2 | 23.2:r2-s1 | 23.4:r1 | 23.4:r1-s1 | 23.4:r1-s2 | 23.4:r2 | 24.2:r1 | 24.2:r2","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/juniper/junos"},{"vendor":"juniper","product":"junos_os_evolved","name":"junos os evolved","label":"junos_os_evolved","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"o","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"21.4:r3-s7","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"21.4:r3-s8","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.2:r3-s4","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.3:r3-s2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.3:r3-s3","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.4:r3","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.4:r3-s1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.4:r3-s2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.4:r3-s3","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"22.4:r3-s4","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"23.2:r2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"23.2:r2-s1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"23.4:r1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"23.4:r1-s1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"23.4:r1-s2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"23.4:r2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"24.2:r1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"24.2:r2","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"21.4:r3-s7 | 21.4:r3-s8 | 22.2:r3-s4 | 22.3:r3-s2 | 22.3:r3-s3 | 22.4:r3 | 22.4:r3-s1 | 22.4:r3-s2 | 22.4:r3-s3 | 22.4:r3-s4 | 23.2:r2 | 23.2:r2-s1 | 23.4:r1 | 23.4:r1-s1 | 23.4:r1-s2 | 23.4:r2 | 24.2:r1 | 24.2:r2","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/juniper/junos_os_evolved"}],"affectedCount":4,"eol":{"hasEol":false,"count":0},"references":[{"url":"https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA92867","label":"supportportal.juniper.net/JSA92867","hostname":"supportportal.juniper.net","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/cli-reference/topics/ref/statement/traceoptions-edit-protocols-bgp.html","label":"www.juniper.net/documentation/…","hostname":"www.juniper.net","tags":["Related","Technical Description"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":[],"duplicates":[],"related":[]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2025-01-09T18:16:32.549Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"modified","date":"2025-01-09T20:15:00.238Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":33,"level":"medium","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-21T05:26:31.763Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}