{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2025-38554","aliases":["UBUNTU-CVE-2025-38554"],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":null,"description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm: fix a UAF when vma->mm is freed after vma->vm_refcnt got dropped\n\nBy inducing delays in the right places, Jann Horn created a reproducer for\na hard to hit UAF issue that became possible after VMAs were allowed to be\nrecycled by adding SLAB_TYPESAFE_BY_RCU to their cache.\n\nRace description is borrowed from Jann's discovery report:\nlock_vma_under_rcu() looks up a VMA locklessly with mas_walk() under\nrcu_read_lock().  At that point, the VMA may be concurrently freed, and it\ncan be recycled by another process.  vma_start_read() then increments the\nvma->vm_refcnt (if it is in an acceptable range), and if this succeeds,\nvma_start_read() can return a recycled VMA.\n\nIn this scenario where the VMA has been recycled, lock_vma_under_rcu()\nwill then detect the mismatching ->vm_mm pointer and drop the VMA through\nvma_end_read(), which calls vma_refcount_put().  vma_refcount_put() drops\nthe refcount and then calls rcuwait_wake_up() using a copy of vma->vm_mm.\nThis is wrong: It implicitly assumes that the caller is keeping the VMA's\nmm alive, but in this scenario the caller has no relation to the VMA's mm,\nso the rcuwait_wake_up() can cause UAF.\n\nThe diagram depicting the race:\nT1         T2         T3\n==         ==         ==\nlock_vma_under_rcu\n  mas_walk\n          <VMA gets removed from mm>\n                      mmap\n                        <the same VMA is reallocated>\n  vma_start_read\n    __refcount_inc_not_zero_limited_acquire\n                      munmap\n                        __vma_enter_locked\n                          refcount_add_not_zero\n  vma_end_read\n    vma_refcount_put\n      __refcount_dec_and_test\n                          rcuwait_wait_event\n                            <finish operation>\n      rcuwait_wake_up [UAF]\n\nNote that rcuwait_wait_event() in T3 does not block because refcount was\nalready dropped by T1.  At this point T3 can exit and free the mm causing\nUAF in T1.\n\nTo avoid this we move vma->vm_mm verification into vma_start_read() and\ngrab vma->vm_mm to stabilize it before vma_refcount_put() operation.\n\n[surenb@google.com: v3]","dates":{"published":"2025-08-19T17:02:33.315Z","modified":"2026-08-05T12:02:52.067Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":[],"kevDue":[]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":7.8,"severity":"high","version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","score":7.8,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · 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After Free","description":"The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory \"belongs\" to the code that operates on the new pointer.","type":"weakness","status":"Stable","abstraction":"Variant","likelihoodOfExploit":"High","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/416.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"ubuntu","product":"linux-allwinner-5.19","name":"linux-allwinner-5.19","label":"linux-allwinner-5.19","ecosystem":"Ubuntu","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:deb/ubuntu/linux-allwinner-5.19","purlType":"deb","versions":[{"text":"All versions","noFixRecorded":true,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"All versions (No fix recorded)","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"ubuntu","product":"linux-aws-5.0","name":"linux-aws-5.0","label":"linux-aws-5.0","ecosystem":"Ubuntu","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:deb/ubuntu/linux-aws-5.0","purlType":"deb","versions":[{"text":"All versions","noFixRecorded":true,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"All versions (No fix 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