{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2025-49600","aliases":["ALPINE-CVE-2025-49600","UBUNTU-CVE-2025-49600","DEBIAN-CVE-2025-49600"],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":null,"description":"In MbedTLS 3.3.0 before 3.6.4, mbedtls_lms_verify may accept invalid signatures if hash computation fails and internal errors go unchecked, enabling LMS (Leighton-Micali Signature) forgery in a fault scenario. Specifically, unchecked return values in mbedtls_lms_verify allow an attacker (who can induce a hardware hash accelerator fault) to bypass LMS signature verification by reusing stale stack data, resulting in acceptance of an invalid signature. In mbedtls_lms_verify, the return values of the internal Merkle tree functions create_merkle_leaf_value and create_merkle_internal_value are not checked. These functions return an integer that indicates whether the call succeeded or not. If a failure occurs, the output buffer (Tc_candidate_root_node) may remain uninitialized, and the result of the signature verification is unpredictable. When the software implementation of SHA-256 is used, these functions will not fail. However, with hardware-accelerated hashing, an attacker could use fault injection against the accelerator to bypass verification.","dates":{"published":"2025-07-04T00:00:00.000Z","modified":"2025-07-08T14:36:23.748Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":[],"kevDue":[]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":4.9,"severity":"medium","version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","score":4.9,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Alpine","score":4.9,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":1.3,"impact":6.7,"computed":true},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Ubuntu","score":4.9,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":1.3,"impact":6.7,"computed":true},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Debian","score":4.9,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":1.3,"impact":6.7,"computed":true},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","score":4.9,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false}]},"epss":{"probability":0.00158,"percentile":0.04564,"severity":"low","asOf":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":0.026000000000000002,"baselineDate":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.00132},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00132,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00132,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00132,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00132,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00132,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00132,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00132,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00132,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00132,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00132,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":0.04564}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00132,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00132,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00132,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00132,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00147,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00158,"percentile":0.04564}]},"kev":{"state":"not-listed","entries":[],"listedCount":0,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[],"exploitCount":0,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-325","name":"Missing Cryptographic Step","description":"The product does not implement a required step in a cryptographic algorithm, resulting in weaker encryption than advertised by the algorithm.","type":"weakness","status":"Draft","abstraction":"Base","likelihoodOfExploit":null,"url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/325.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"alpine","product":"mbedtls","name":"mbedtls","label":"mbedtls","ecosystem":"Alpine Linux","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:apk/alpine/mbedtls","purlType":"apk","versions":[{"text":"< 3.6.4-r0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 3.6.4-r0","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"debian","product":"mbedtls","name":"mbedtls","label":"mbedtls","ecosystem":"Debian","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:deb/debian/mbedtls","purlType":"deb","versions":[{"text":"< 3.6.4-1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 3.6.4-1","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"ubuntu","product":"mbedtls","name":"mbedtls","label":"mbedtls","ecosystem":"Ubuntu","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:deb/ubuntu/mbedtls","purlType":"deb","versions":[{"text":"All versions","noFixRecorded":true,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"All versions (No fix recorded)","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"mbed","product":"mbedtls","name":"mbedtls","label":"mbedtls","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"≥ 3.3.0, < 3.6.4","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ 3.3.0, < 3.6.4","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/mbed/mbedtls"},{"vendor":"trustedfirmware","product":"mbed_tls","name":"mbed tls","label":"mbed_tls","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"≥ 3.3.0, < 3.6.4","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ 3.3.0, < 3.6.4","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/trustedfirmware/mbed_tls"}],"affectedCount":5,"eol":{"hasEol":false,"count":0},"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/Mbed-TLS/mbedtls-docs/blob/main/security-advisories/mbedtls-security-advisory-2025-06-3.md","label":"github.com/Mbed-TLS/…","hostname":"github.com","tags":["REPORT","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2025-49600","label":"security.alpinelinux.org/vuln/CVE-2025-49600","hostname":"security.alpinelinux.org","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-49600","label":"ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-49600","hostname":"ubuntu.com","tags":["REPORT"]},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49600","label":"www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-49600","hostname":"www.cve.org","tags":["REPORT"]},{"url":"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-49600","label":"security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-49600","hostname":"security-tracker.debian.org","tags":["Advisory"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":["OPENSUSE-SU-2026:21144-1"],"duplicates":[],"related":["OPENSUSE-SU-2026:21144-1"]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2025-07-04T00:00:00.000Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"modified","date":"2025-07-08T14:36:23.748Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":20,"level":"low","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-20T14:36:29.072Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}