{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2025-59043","aliases":["GHSA-g46h-2rq9-gw5m","BIT-openbao-2025-59043","GO-2025-4039"],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":null,"description":"OpenBao is an open source identity-based secrets management system. In OpenBao versions prior to 2.4.1, JSON objects after decoding may use significantly more memory than their serialized version. It is possible to craft a JSON payload to maximize the factor between serialized memory usage and deserialized memory usage, similar to a zip bomb, with factors reaching approximately 35. This can be used to circumvent the max_request_size configuration parameter which is intended to protect against denial of service attacks. The request body is parsed into a map very early in the request handling chain before authentication, which means an unauthenticated attacker can send a specifically crafted JSON object and cause an out-of-memory crash. Additionally, for requests with large numbers of strings, the audit subsystem can consume large quantities of CPU. The vulnerability is fixed in version 2.4.1.","dates":{"published":"2025-10-17T16:03:23.584Z","modified":"2025-10-17T17:22:52.795Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":[],"kevDue":[]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":7.5,"severity":"high","version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Go","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","exploitability":10,"impact":6,"computed":true},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false}]},"epss":{"probability":0.00688,"percentile":0.51835,"severity":"low","asOf":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":0,"baselineDate":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.00688},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00647,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00647,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00647,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":0.51835}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00688,"percentile":0.51835}]},"kev":{"state":"not-listed","entries":[],"listedCount":0,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[],"exploitCount":0,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-400","name":"Uncontrolled Resource Consumption","description":"The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.","type":"weakness","status":"Draft","abstraction":"Class","likelihoodOfExploit":"High","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/400.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"github.com/openbao","product":"openbao","name":"github.com/openbao/openbao","label":"openbao","ecosystem":"Go","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/openbao/openbao","purlType":"golang","versions":[{"text":"< 2.4.1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"All versions","noFixRecorded":true,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 2.4.1 | All versions (No fix recorded)","eol":{"isEol":null,"eolDate":null,"matchMethod":"name_exact","cycle":null,"product":{"name":"openbao","label":"OpenBao","category":"server-app"}},"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"openbao","product":"openbao","name":"openbao","label":"openbao","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"< 2.4.1","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 2.4.1","eol":{"isEol":null,"eolDate":null,"matchMethod":"name_exact","cycle":null,"product":{"name":"openbao","label":"OpenBao","category":"server-app"}},"hubHref":"/vendor/openbao/openbao"}],"affectedCount":2,"eol":{"hasEol":false,"count":0},"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/openbao/openbao/security/advisories/GHSA-g46h-2rq9-gw5m","label":"github.com/openbao/openbao/security/advisories/GHSA-g46h-2rq9-gw5m","hostname":"github.com","tags":["X Refsource CONFIRM","WEB","Advisory","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openbao/openbao/pull/1756","label":"github.com/openbao/openbao/pull/1756","hostname":"github.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","WEB","FIX","Issue Tracking"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openbao/openbao/commit/d418f238bc99adc72c73109faf574cc2b672880c","label":"github.com/openbao/openbao/commit/d418f238bc99adc72c73109faf574cc2b672880c","hostname":"github.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","WEB","FIX","Patch"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/788536bd3e10818a7b4fb00aac6affc23388e5a9/http/logical.go#L50","label":"github.com/openbao/openbao/blob/788536bd3e10818a7b4fb00aac6affc23388e5a9/http/logical.go","hostname":"github.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","WEB","Product"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59043","label":"nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59043","hostname":"nvd.nist.gov","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6203","label":"nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6203","hostname":"nvd.nist.gov","tags":["Advisory","WEB"]},{"url":"https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393","label":"discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393","hostname":"discuss.hashicorp.com","tags":["WEB"]},{"url":"https://github.com/openbao/openbao","label":"github.com/openbao/openbao","hostname":"github.com","tags":["PACKAGE"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":["OPENSUSE-SU-2025:15710-1","OPENSUSE-SU-2026:21483-1"],"duplicates":[],"related":["OPENSUSE-SU-2025:15710-1","OPENSUSE-SU-2026:21483-1"]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2025-10-17T16:03:23.584Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"modified","date":"2025-10-17T17:22:52.795Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":30,"level":"medium","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-19T21:03:44.808Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}