{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2025-59471","aliases":["CGA-3m85-g76f-cv3v","CGA-pw97-fj5v-32gf","GHSA-9g9p-9gw9-jx7f","CGA-79w8-jqjh-89cr","CGA-g4w2-cxjc-8w8w","CGA-h9fx-3r46-24rq","CGA-m666-vwfj-v8rw","CGA-q8w9-8wj3-jp5f","CGA-r8x7-jhjp-vxmv","CGA-vj9r-62cx-69xp","CGA-w979-cjc5-rv7r"],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":null,"description":"A denial of service vulnerability exists in self-hosted Next.js applications that have `remotePatterns` configured for the Image Optimizer. The image optimization endpoint (`/_next/image`) loads external images entirely into memory without enforcing a maximum size limit, allowing an attacker to cause out-of-memory conditions by requesting optimization of arbitrarily large images. This vulnerability requires that `remotePatterns` is configured to allow image optimization from external domains and that the attacker can serve or control a large image on an allowed domain.\n\nStrongly consider upgrading to 15.5.10 or 16.1.5 to reduce risk and prevent availability issues in Next applications.","dates":{"published":"2026-01-26T21:43:05.094Z","modified":"2026-01-27T14:55:15.271Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":[],"kevDue":[]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":7.5,"severity":"high","version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","score":5.9,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Wolfi","score":5.9,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","exploitability":5.6,"impact":6,"computed":true},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Npm","score":5.9,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","exploitability":5.6,"impact":6,"computed":true},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Chainguard","score":5.9,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","exploitability":5.6,"impact":6,"computed":true},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","score":7.5,"severity":"high","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false}]},"epss":{"probability":0.00495,"percentile":0.41175,"severity":"low","asOf":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":0.03300000000000004,"baselineDate":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.00462},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00462,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00462,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00462,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00462,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00462,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00462,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00462,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00462,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00462,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":0.41175}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00462,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00462,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00462,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00462,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.00495,"percentile":0.41175}]},"kev":{"state":"not-listed","entries":[],"listedCount":0,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[],"exploitCount":0,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-400","name":"Uncontrolled Resource Consumption","description":"The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.","type":"weakness","status":"Draft","abstraction":"Class","likelihoodOfExploit":"High","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/400.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"chainguard","product":"cadence-web","name":"cadence-web","label":"cadence-web","ecosystem":"Chainguard","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:apk/chainguard/cadence-web","purlType":"apk","versions":[{"text":"All versions","noFixRecorded":true,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"All versions (No fix recorded)","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"chainguard","product":"langfuse-2","name":"langfuse-2","label":"langfuse-2","ecosystem":"Chainguard","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:apk/chainguard/langfuse-2","purlType":"apk","versions":[{"text":"< 2.95.12-r9","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 2.95.12-r9","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"chainguard","product":"langfuse-3","name":"langfuse-3","label":"langfuse-3","ecosystem":"Chainguard","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:apk/chainguard/langfuse-3","purlType":"apk","versions":[{"text":"< 3.153.0-r0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 3.153.0-r0","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"chainguard","product":"langfuse-fips-2","name":"langfuse-fips-2","label":"langfuse-fips-2","ecosystem":"Chainguard","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:apk/chainguard/langfuse-fips-2","purlType":"apk","versions":[{"text":"< 2.95.12-r10","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 2.95.12-r10","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"chainguard","product":"langfuse-fips-3","name":"langfuse-fips-3","label":"langfuse-fips-3","ecosystem":"Chainguard","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:apk/chainguard/langfuse-fips-3","purlType":"apk","versions":[{"text":"< 3.152.0-r0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 3.152.0-r0","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"wolfi","product":"langfuse-3","name":"langfuse-3","label":"langfuse-3","ecosystem":"Wolfi","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:apk/wolfi/langfuse-3","purlType":"apk","versions":[{"text":"< 3.153.0-r0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 3.153.0-r0","eol":null,"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"Npm","product":"next","name":"next","label":"next","ecosystem":"Npm","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:npm/next","purlType":"npm","versions":[{"text":"≥ 10.0.0, < 15.5.10","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 15.6.0-canary.0, < 16.1.5","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ 10.0.0, < 15.5.10 | ≥ 15.6.0-canary.0, < 16.1.5","eol":{"isEol":null,"eolDate":null,"matchMethod":"purl","cycle":null,"product":{"name":"nextjs","label":"Next.js","category":"framework"}},"hubHref":null},{"vendor":"vercel","product":"next","name":"next","label":"next","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"≥ 10.0, < 10.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 11.0, < 11.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 12.0, < 12.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 13.0, < 13.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 14.0, < 14.0","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 15.0, < 15.5.10","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 16.0, < 16.1.5","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ 10.0, < 10.0 | ≥ 11.0, < 11.0 | ≥ 12.0, < 12.0 | ≥ 13.0, < 13.0 | ≥ 14.0, < 14.0 | ≥ 15.0, < 15.5.10 | ≥ 16.0, < 16.1.5","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/vercel/next"},{"vendor":"vercel","product":"next.js","name":"next.js","label":"next.js","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"≥ 10.0.0, < 15.5.10","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null},{"text":"≥ 16.0.0, < 16.1.5","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"≥ 10.0.0, < 15.5.10 | ≥ 16.0.0, < 16.1.5","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/vercel/nextjs"}],"affectedCount":9,"eol":{"hasEol":false,"count":0},"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-9g9p-9gw9-jx7f","label":"github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-9g9p-9gw9-jx7f","hostname":"github.com","tags":["Advisory","WEB","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/59xxx/CVE-2025-59471.json","label":"github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2025/59xxx/CVE-2025-59471.json","hostname":"github.com","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59471","label":"nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59471","hostname":"nvd.nist.gov","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/500ec83743639addceaede95e95913398975156c","label":"github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/500ec83743639addceaede95e95913398975156c","hostname":"github.com","tags":["WEB"]},{"url":"https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/e5b834d208fe0edf64aa26b5d76dcf6a176500ec","label":"github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/e5b834d208fe0edf64aa26b5d76dcf6a176500ec","hostname":"github.com","tags":["WEB"]},{"url":"https://github.com/vercel/next.js","label":"github.com/vercel/next.js","hostname":"github.com","tags":["PACKAGE"]},{"url":"https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v15.5.10","label":"github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v15.5.10","hostname":"github.com","tags":["WEB"]},{"url":"https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v16.1.5","label":"github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v16.1.5","hostname":"github.com","tags":["WEB"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":[],"duplicates":[],"related":["CGA-4VJJ-WWW8-24Q4"]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2026-01-26T21:43:05.094Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"modified","date":"2026-01-27T14:55:15.271Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":30,"level":"medium","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-20T08:26:14.174Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}