{"schemaVersion":3,"id":"CVE-2025-65026","aliases":["GHSA-hcpf-qv9m-vfgp","GO-2025-4139"],"status":"published","duplicateOf":null,"title":null,"description":"esm.sh is a nobuild content delivery network(CDN) for modern web development. Prior to version 136, The esm.sh CDN service contains a Template Literal Injection vulnerability (CWE-94) in its CSS-to-JavaScript module conversion feature. When a CSS file is requested with the ?module query parameter, esm.sh converts it to a JavaScript module by embedding the CSS content directly into a template literal without proper sanitization. An attacker can inject malicious JavaScript code using ${...} expressions within CSS files, which will execute when the module is imported by victim applications. This enables Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in browsers and Remote Code Execution (RCE) in Electron applications. This issue has been patched in version 136.","dates":{"published":"2025-11-19T17:33:11.469Z","modified":"2025-11-20T14:19:17.852Z","reserved":null,"kevAdded":[],"kevDue":[]},"cvss":{"headline":{"score":9.6,"severity":"critical","version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","computed":false,"selection":"backend-summary"},"metrics":[{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"CVE.org","score":6.1,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"OSV · Go","score":6.1,"severity":"medium","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N","exploitability":7.2,"impact":4.5,"computed":true},{"version":"3.1","versionLabel":"v3.1","source":"NVD","score":9.6,"severity":"critical","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","exploitability":null,"impact":null,"computed":false}]},"epss":{"probability":0.0048,"percentile":0.40083,"severity":"low","asOf":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","change":{"pp":0,"baselineDate":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","baselineScore":0.0048},"history":[{"date":"2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":0.40083}],"last30":[{"date":"2026-09-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-21T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-22T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-23T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-25T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-26T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-27T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-28T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-29T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-01T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-02T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-03T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-04T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-05T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-10T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-11T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-12T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-15T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-16T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-17T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":null},{"date":"2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z","score":0.0048,"percentile":0.40083}]},"kev":{"state":"not-listed","entries":[],"listedCount":0,"totalCatalogs":3,"catalogs":[{"source":"cisa","label":"CISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"enisa","label":"ENISA","listed":false,"entry":null},{"source":"circl","label":"CIRCL","listed":false,"entry":null}]},"ransomware":{"state":"none-recorded","sources":[]},"exploits":[{"id":"GITHUB_ESM-DEV_ESM.SH","name":"Esm.Sh","source":"github","url":"https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/security/advisories/GHSA-3c9r-837r-qqm4","maturity":"poc","reliabilityScore":0.3,"verified":false,"type":null,"platforms":[],"requiresAuth":null,"exploitdb":null,"metasploit":null}],"exploitCount":1,"weaknesses":[{"id":"CWE-94","name":"Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')","description":"The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.","type":"weakness","status":"Draft","abstraction":"Base","likelihoodOfExploit":"Medium","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/94.html"},{"id":"CWE-79","name":"Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')","description":"The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.","type":"weakness","status":"Stable","abstraction":"Base","likelihoodOfExploit":"High","url":"https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/79.html"}],"affected":[{"vendor":"esm-dev","product":"esm.sh","name":"esm.sh","label":"esm.sh","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"< 136","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 136","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/esm-dev/esmsh"},{"vendor":"esm","product":"esm.sh","name":"esm.sh","label":"esm.sh","ecosystem":null,"cpePart":"a","purl":null,"purlType":null,"versions":[{"text":"< 136","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 136","eol":null,"hubHref":"/vendor/esm/esmsh"},{"vendor":"github.com/esm-dev","product":"esm.sh","name":"github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh","label":"esm.sh","ecosystem":"Go","cpePart":null,"purl":"pkg:golang/github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh","purlType":"golang","versions":[{"text":"< 0.0.0-20251118065157-87d2f6497574","noFixRecorded":false,"fixedIn":null}],"versionsText":"< 0.0.0-20251118065157-87d2f6497574","eol":null,"hubHref":null}],"affectedCount":3,"eol":{"hasEol":false,"count":0},"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/security/advisories/GHSA-hcpf-qv9m-vfgp","label":"github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/security/advisories/GHSA-hcpf-qv9m-vfgp","hostname":"github.com","tags":["X Refsource CONFIRM","WEB","Advisory","Exploit","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/87d2f6497574bf4448641a5527a3ac2beba5fd6c","label":"github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh/commit/87d2f6497574bf4448641a5527a3ac2beba5fd6c","hostname":"github.com","tags":["X Refsource MISC","WEB","FIX","Patch"]},{"url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65026","label":"nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65026","hostname":"nvd.nist.gov","tags":["Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh","label":"github.com/esm-dev/esm.sh","hostname":"github.com","tags":["PACKAGE"]}],"lineage":{"upstream":[],"downstream":["OPENSUSE-SU-2026:21483-1","SUSE-SU-2025:4395-1"],"duplicates":[],"related":["OPENSUSE-SU-2026:21483-1","SUSE-SU-2025:4395-1"]},"timeline":[{"kind":"published","date":"2025-11-19T17:33:11.469Z","label":"Published","detail":"Vulnerability first disclosed.","source":null},{"kind":"modified","date":"2025-11-20T14:19:17.852Z","label":"Last modified","detail":"Vulnerability information updated.","source":null}],"risk":{"score":70,"level":"high","profile":"Default","thresholds":{"critical":75,"high":50,"medium":25,"low":10}},"meta":{"dataAsOf":"2026-10-20T05:13:12.361Z","stale":false,"partial":false}}