CVE-2016-3081

Aliases:GHSA-8c6j-ffmf-q6vm
Modified
Published: 26 Apr 2016, 14:00
Last modified:08 Oct 2026, 19:58

Vulnerability Summary

Overall Risk (default)
high
70/100
CVSS Score
9.3 HIGH
v2.0 (nvd)
EPSS Score
93.35% CRITICAL
93% probability -0.62%
KEV
Listed
CISA
1 listing
Ransomware
No reports
Public exploits
3 found
Dark Web
Not detected

Timeline

26 Apr 2016, 14:00
Published
Vulnerability first disclosed
08 Oct 2026, 00:00
Added to CISA KEV
Apache Struts Command Injection Vulnerability
08 Oct 2026, 19:58
Last Modified
Vulnerability information updated
11 Oct 2026, 00:00
CISA Remediation Due
Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.

Description

Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.

CVSS Metrics

  • v3.1•HIGH•Score: 8.1CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
  • v3.0•HIGH•Score: 8.1CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
  • v2.0•HIGH•Score: 9.3AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C

EPSS Trends

Current EPSS score: 93.35%• Percentile: 100%

Techniques & Countermeasures

  • CWE-77•Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

    The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

Affected Systems

  • apache•struts

    2.0.0 | 2.0.1 | 2.0.2 | 2.0.3 | 2.0.4 | 2.0.5 | 2.0.6 | 2.0.7 | 2.0.8 | 2.0.9 | 2.0.10 | 2.0.11 | 2.0.11.1 | 2.0.11.2 | 2.0.12 | 2.0.13 | 2.0.14 | 2.1.0 | 2.1.1 | 2.1.2 | 2.1.3 | 2.1.4 | 2.1.5 | 2.1.6 | 2.1.8 | 2.1.8.1 | 2.2.1 | 2.2.1.1 | 2.2.3 | 2.2.3.1 | 2.3.1 | 2.3.1.1 | 2.3.1.2 | 2.3.3 | 2.3.4 | 2.3.4.1 | 2.3.7 | 2.3.8 | 2.3.14 | 2.3.14.1 | 2.3.14.2 | 2.3.14.3 | 2.3.15 | 2.3.15.1 | 2.3.15.2 | 2.3.15.3 | 2.3.16 | 2.3.16.1 | 2.3.16.2 | 2.3.16.3 | 2.3.20 | 2.3.20.1 | 2.3.24 | 2.3.24.1 | 2.3.28

  • org.apache.struts•struts2-core

    ≥ 2.3.19, < 2.3.20.3 | ≥ 2.3.21, < 2.3.24.3 | ≥ 2.3.25, < 2.3.28.1

  • oracle•siebel_e-billing

    7.1

References (18)