9.8

CVE-2017-9791: Apache Struts 1 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

CVSS: 9.8v3.1CriticalKEVAnalyzed
AliasesGHSA-29rm-6752-gvwv
Published 10-07-2017Last modified 21-10-2025
Open JSON

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2017-9791 is a critical (CVSS 9.8) Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Struts 1. It is known to be exploited: CISA lists it, first on 10-02-2022. EPSS estimates a 98.91% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 99.9% of scored vulnerabilities. 3 public exploits are recorded.

Overall risk
85/100
0100
Critical · default modelHow is this calculated?
CVSS score
9.8/10
010
Critical · v3.1 (CVE.org)
EPSS score
98.91%
0%100%
Critical · 0.00 pp in 30 days
KEVListedCISA
RansomwareNone recordedNo known use recorded
Public exploits3exploit-database, metasploit

Timeline

  1. 10-07-2017
    PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
  2. 10-02-2022
    Added to CISA KEVApache Struts 1 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability
  3. 10-08-2022
    CISA remediation dueApply updates per vendor instructions.
  4. 21-10-2025
    Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

The Struts 1 plugin in Apache Struts 2.1.x and 2.3.x might allow remote code execution via a malicious field value passed in a raw message to the ActionMessage.

CVSS metrics

4 scores · 3 sources · 2 versions

EPSS trend

Probability

98.91%

Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days

Percentile

100%

Versus all other CVEs

30-day change

0.00 pp

From 98.91% on 18-09-2026

18-09-202618-10-2026
EPSS score
98.91%

Known exploited

Compare KEV catalogs
CISA KEVListed
Added
10-02-2022
Federal due date
10-08-2022

CISA required action

Apply updates per vendor instructions. nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9791

Public exploits

3 found
  • exploit-databaseremotemultipleVerified

    Apache Struts 2 - Struts 1 Plugin Showcase OGNL Code Execution (Metasploit)

    Maturity: weaponized

  • exploit-databasemultipleVerified

    Apache Struts 2.3.x Showcase - Remote Code Execution

    Maturity: poc

  • MetasploitMetasploitremoteVerified

    Apache Struts 2 Struts 1 Plugin Showcase OGNL Code Execution

    exploit/multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase

    Maturity: weaponized

Weaknesses

CWE · root cause

Affected systems

Apache1 product
  • strutsEOL2.3.1 | 2.3.1.1 | 2.3.1.2 | 2.3.3 | 2.3.4 | 2.3.4.1 | 2.3.7 | 2.3.8 | 2.3.14 | 2.3.14.1 | 2.3.14.2 | 2.3.14.3 | 2.3.15 | 2.3.15.1 | 2.3.15.2 | 2.3.15.3 | 2.3.16 | 2.3.16.1 | 2.3.16.2 | 2.3.16.3 | 2.3.20 | 2.3.20.1 | 2.3.20.3 | 2.3.24 | 2.3.24.1 | 2.3.24.3 | 2.3.28 | 2.3.28.1 | 2.3.29 | 2.3.30 | 2.3.31 | 2.3.32
Apache software foundation1 product
Org.apache.struts1 product
  • struts2-struts1-plugin≤ 2.3.37

3 vendors · 3 products

References

13 links
Show all 13 references