CVE-2020-9054: Zyxel Multiple NAS Devices OS Command Injection Vulnerability

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2020-9054 is a high (CVSS 10.0) OS Command Injection vulnerability in Zyxel Multiple Network-Attached Storage (NAS) Devices. It is known to be exploited: CISA lists it, first on 25-03-2022. EPSS estimates a 99.99% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 99.9% of scored vulnerabilities. 1 public exploit is recorded.

Timeline

1. 04-03-2020
   PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
2. 25-03-2022
   Added to CISA KEVZyxel Multiple NAS Devices OS Command Injection Vulnerability
3. 15-04-2022
   CISA remediation dueApply updates per vendor instructions.
4. 07-10-2026
   Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

Multiple ZyXEL network-attached storage (NAS) devices running firmware version 5.21 contain a pre-authentication command injection vulnerability, which may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code on a vulnerable device. ZyXEL NAS devices achieve authentication by using the weblogin.cgi CGI executable. This program fails to properly sanitize the username parameter that is passed to it. If the username parameter contains certain characters, it can allow command injection with the privileges of the web server that runs on the ZyXEL device. Although the web server does not run as the root user, ZyXEL devices include a setuid utility that can be leveraged to run any command with root privileges. As such, it should be assumed that exploitation of this vulnerability can lead to remote code execution with root privileges. By sending a specially-crafted HTTP POST or GET request to a vulnerable ZyXEL device, a remote, unauthenticated attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code on the device. This may happen by directly connecting to a device if it is directly exposed to an attacker. However, there are ways to trigger such crafted requests even if an attacker does not have direct connectivity to a vulnerable devices. For example, simply visiting a website can result in the compromise of any ZyXEL device that is reachable from the client system. Affected products include: NAS326 before firmware V5.21(AAZF.7)C0 NAS520 before firmware V5.21(AASZ.3)C0 NAS540 before firmware V5.21(AATB.4)C0 NAS542 before firmware V5.21(ABAG.4)C0 ZyXEL has made firmware updates available for NAS326, NAS520, NAS540, and NAS542 devices. Affected models that are end-of-support: NSA210, NSA220, NSA220+, NSA221, NSA310, NSA310S, NSA320, NSA320S, NSA325 and NSA325v2

• CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.