8.2

CVE-2025-21598: juniper networks junos os Out-of-bounds Read

CVSS: 8.2v4.0HighAnalyzed
Published 09-01-2025Last modified 09-01-2025
Open JSON

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2025-21598 is a high (CVSS 8.2) Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in juniper networks junos os. EPSS estimates a 0.72% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 53% of scored vulnerabilities.

Overall risk
33/100
0100
Medium · default modelHow is this calculated?
CVSS score
8.2/10
010
High · v4.0 (CVE.org)
EPSS score
0.72%
0%100%
Low · -0.01 pp in 30 days
KEVNot listedIn no KEV catalog
RansomwareNone recordedNo known use recorded
Public exploits0No public exploits recorded

Timeline

  1. 09-01-2025
    PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
  2. 09-01-2025
    Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

An Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved's routing protocol daemon (rpd) allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to send malformed BGP packets to a device configured with packet receive trace options enabled to crash rpd. This issue affects: Junos OS: * from 21.2R3-S8 before 21.2R3-S9, * from 21.4R3-S7 before 21.4R3-S9, * from 22.2R3-S4 before 22.2R3-S5, * from 22.3R3-S2 before 22.3R3-S4, * from 22.4R3 before 22.4R3-S5, * from 23.2R2 before 23.2R2-S2, * from 23.4R1 before 23.4R2-S1, * from 24.2R1 before 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2. Junos OS Evolved: * from 21.4R3-S7-EVO before 21.4R3-S9-EVO, * from 22.2R3-S4-EVO before 22.2R3-S5-EVO, * from 22.3R3-S2-EVO before 22.3R3-S4-EVO, * from 22.4R3-EVO before 22.4R3-S5-EVO, * from 23.2R2-EVO before 23.2R2-S2-EVO, * from 23.4R1-EVO before 23.4R2-S1-EVO, * from 24.2R1-EVO before 24.2R1-S2-EVO, 24.2R2-EVO. This issue requires a BGP session to be established. This issue can propagate and multiply through multiple ASes until reaching vulnerable devices. This issue affects iBGP and eBGP. This issue affects IPv4 and IPv6. An indicator of compromise may be the presence of malformed update messages in a neighboring AS which is unaffected by this issue: For example, by issuing the command on the neighboring device:  show log messages Reviewing for similar messages from devices within proximity to each other may indicate this malformed packet is propagating:   rpd[<pid>]: Received malformed update from <IP address> (External AS <AS#>) and   rpd[<pid>]: Malformed Attribute

CVSS metrics

4 scores · 2 sources · 2 versions

EPSS trend

Probability

0.72%

Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days

Percentile

53%

Versus all other CVEs

30-day change

-0.01 pp

From 0.73% on 20-09-2026

20-09-202620-10-2026
EPSS score
0.72%

Known exploited

Compare KEV catalogs

Not in any of the 3 tracked catalogs.

Public exploits

0 found

No public exploits indexed.

Weaknesses

CWE · root cause

Affected systems

Juniper2 products
  • junos21.2:r3-s8 | 21.4:r3-s7 | 21.4:r3-s8 | 22.2:r3-s4 | 22.3:r3-s2 | 22.3:r3-s3 | 22.4:r3 | 22.4:r3-s1 | 22.4:r3-s2 | 22.4:r3-s3 | 22.4:r3-s4 | 23.2:r2 | 23.2:r2-s1 | 23.4:r1 | 23.4:r1-s1 | 23.4:r1-s2 | 23.4:r2 | 24.2:r1 | 24.2:r2
  • junos_os_evolved21.4:r3-s7 | 21.4:r3-s8 | 22.2:r3-s4 | 22.3:r3-s2 | 22.3:r3-s3 | 22.4:r3 | 22.4:r3-s1 | 22.4:r3-s2 | 22.4:r3-s3 | 22.4:r3-s4 | 23.2:r2 | 23.2:r2-s1 | 23.4:r1 | 23.4:r1-s1 | 23.4:r1-s2 | 23.4:r2 | 24.2:r1 | 24.2:r2
Juniper networks2 products
  • junos os≥ 21.2R3-S8, < 21.2R3-S9 | ≥ 21.4R3-S7, < 21.4R3-S9 | ≥ 22.2R3-S4, < 22.2R3-S5 | ≥ 22.3R3-S2, < 22.3R3-S4 | ≥ 22.4R3, < 22.4R3-S5 | ≥ 23.2R2, < 23.2R2-S2 | ≥ 23.4R1, < 23.4R2-S1 | ≥ 24.2R1, < 24.2R1-S1, 24.2R2
  • junos os evolved≥ 21.4R3-S7-EVO, < 21.4R3-S9-EVO | ≥ 22.2R3-S4-EVO, < 22.2R3-S5-EVO | ≥ 22.3R3-S2-EVO, < 22.3R3-S4-EVO | ≥ 22.4R3-EVO, < 22.4R3-S5-EVO | ≥ 23.2R2-EVO, < 23.2R2-S2-EVO | ≥ 23.4R1-EVO, < 23.4R2-S1-EVO | ≥ 24.2R1-EVO, < 24.2R1-S2-EVO, 24.2R2-EVO

2 vendors · 4 products

References

2 links