7.8

CVE-2025-21791: vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()

Modified
AliasesUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791DEBIAN-CVE-2025-21791
Published 27-02-2025Last modified 15-10-2026

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2025-21791 is a high (CVSS 7.8) Use After Free vulnerability in linux. EPSS estimates a 0.27% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 19% of scored vulnerabilities.

Priority
Routine

Not severe (CVSS 7.8, local access); no exploitation reported by the 5 checked sources

Source freshness unavailable

How is this decided?
CVSS score
7.8/10
010
High · v3.1 (CVE.org)
EPSS score
0.27%
0%100%
Low · 0.00 pp in 30 days
KEVNot listedNot listed by any tracked catalog.
RansomwareNot flaggedNo ransomware use recorded.
Public exploits0No public exploits recorded

Advisory lineage

Upstream 0 · Downstream 111 · Related 107
DLA-4102-1DLA-4178-1RHSA-2025:20095RHSA-2025:20518RHSA-2026:2352SUSE-SU-2025:01620-1

Showing 100 of 112.

Timeline

  1. 27-02-2025
    PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
  2. 15-10-2026
    Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out() l3mdev_l3_out() can be called without RCU being held: raw_sendmsg() ip_push_pending_frames() ip_send_skb() ip_local_out() __ip_local_out() l3mdev_ip_out() Add rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock() pair to avoid a potential UAF.

CVSS metrics

4 scores · 4 sources · 1 version

EPSS trend

Probability

0.27%

Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days

Percentile

19%

Versus all other CVEs

30-day change

No change 0.00 pp

From 0.27% on 04-10-2026

04-10-202603-11-2026

Known exploited

Compare KEV catalogs
CISA KEV

Not in the CISA KEV catalog.

ENISA CNW

Not in the ENISA CNW catalog.

CIRCL

Not in the CIRCL catalog.

Public exploits

0 found

No public exploits indexed.

Weaknesses

CWE · root cause

Affected systems

Version check

Known conditions: local access, low-privilege account, no user interaction (CVSS vector). Other conditions: not stated in public data.

Ubuntu136 products
  • linux< 4.15.0-245.257 | < 5.4.0-216.236 | < 5.15.0-140.150 | < 6.8.0-78.78
  • linux-allwinner-5.19All versions (No fix recorded)
  • linux-aws< 4.15.0-1187.200 | < 5.4.0-1146.156 | < 5.15.0-1084.91 | < 6.8.0-1035.37
  • linux-aws-5.0All versions (No fix recorded)
  • linux-aws-5.11All versions (No fix recorded)
Linux2 products
  • linux≥ a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539, < 6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51e | ≥ a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539, < 20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3b | ≥ a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539, < 5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6b | ≥ a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539, < c7574740be8ce68a57d0aece24987b9be2114c3c | ≥ a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539, < c40cb5c03e37552d6eff963187109e2c3f78ef6f | ≥ a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539, < 022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21 | ≥ a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539, < 7b81425b517accefd46bee854d94954f5c57e019 | ≥ a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539, < 6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773 | 4.9
  • linux_kernel≥ 4.9, < 6.1.129 | ≥ 6.2, < 6.6.79 | ≥ 6.7, < 6.12.16 | ≥ 6.13, < 6.13.4 | 6.14:rc1 | 6.14:rc2
Debian1 product
  • linux< 6.1.129-1 | < 6.12.16-1

3 vendors · 139 products

References

61 links
Show all 61 references