CVE-2025-22045: x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs
Vulnerability summary
CVE-2025-22045 is a high (CVSS 7.8) vulnerability in linux. EPSS estimates a 0.24% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 15% of scored vulnerabilities.
Not severe (CVSS 7.8, local access); no exploitation reported by the 5 checked sources
Source freshness unavailable
How is this decided?Advisory lineage
Upstream 0 · Downstream 60 · Related 54Timeline
- 16-04-2025PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
- 15-10-2026Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.
Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs On the following path, flush_tlb_range() can be used for zapping normal PMD entries (PMD entries that point to page tables) together with the PTE entries in the pointed-to page table: collapse_pte_mapped_thp pmdp_collapse_flush flush_tlb_range The arm64 version of flush_tlb_range() has a comment describing that it can be used for page table removal, and does not use any last-level invalidation optimizations. Fix the X86 version by making it behave the same way. Currently, X86 only uses this information for the following two purposes, which I think means the issue doesn't have much impact: - In native_flush_tlb_multi() for checking if lazy TLB CPUs need to be IPI'd to avoid issues with speculative page table walks. - In Hyper-V TLB paravirtualization, again for lazy TLB stuff. The patch "x86/mm: only invalidate final translations with INVLPGB" which is currently under review (see <https://lore.kernel.org/all/20241230175550.4046587-13-riel@surriel.com/>) would probably be making the impact of this a lot worse.
CVSS metrics
5 scores · 4 sources · 2 versions- OSV · UbuntuEcosystem advisory · calculated7.8HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
- OSV · DebianEcosystem advisory · calculated5.5MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HDiffers
- NVDNIST5.5MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HDiffers
EPSS trend
Probability
0.24%
Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days
Percentile
15%
Versus all other CVEs
30-day change
No change 0.00 pp
From 0.24% on 04-10-2026
Known exploited
Compare KEV catalogs
CISA KEVNot in the CISA KEV catalog.
ENISA CNWNot in the ENISA CNW catalog.
CIRCLNot in the CIRCL catalog.
Public exploits
0 foundNo public exploits indexed.
Weaknesses
CWE · root causeNo weakness data has been published for this record.
Affected systems
Known conditions: local access, low-privilege account, no user interaction (CVSS vector). Other conditions: not stated in public data.
Ubuntu133 products
- linux< 5.4.0-218.238 | < 5.15.0-142.152 | < 6.8.0-86.87
- linux-allwinner-5.19All versions (No fix recorded)
- linux-aws< 5.4.0-1147.157 | < 5.15.0-1086.93 | < 6.8.0-1041.43
- linux-aws-5.0All versions (No fix recorded)
- linux-aws-5.11All versions (No fix recorded)
Linux2 products
- linux≥ 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536, < 618d5612ecb7bfc1c85342daafeb2b47e29e77a3 | ≥ 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536, < 556d446068f90981e5d71ca686bdaccdd545d491 | ≥ 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536, < 0a8f806ea6b5dd64b3d1f05ff774817d5f7ddbd1 | ≥ 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536, < 0708fd6bd8161871bfbadced2ca4319b84ab44fe | ≥ 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536, < 7085895c59e4057ffae17f58990ccb630087d0d2 | ≥ 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536, < 93224deb50a8d20df3884f3672ce9f982129aa50 | ≥ 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536, < 320ac1af4c0bdb92c864dc9250d1329234820edf | ≥ 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536, < 78d6f9a9eb2a5da6fcbd76d6191d24b0dcc321be | ≥ 016c4d92cd16f569c6485ae62b076c1a4b779536, < 3ef938c3503563bfc2ac15083557f880d29c2e64 | 4.20
- linux_kernel≥ 4.20, < 5.4.292 | ≥ 5.5, < 5.10.236 | ≥ 5.11, < 5.15.180 | ≥ 5.16, < 6.1.134 | ≥ 6.2, < 6.6.87 | ≥ 6.7, < 6.12.23 | ≥ 6.13, < 6.13.11 | ≥ 6.14, < 6.14.2
Debian1 product
- linux< 6.1.135-1 | < 6.12.25-1
3 vendors · 136 products
