CVE-2025-27111: rack CRLF Injection
CVSS: 7.5v3.1HighModified
AliasesUBUNTU-CVE-2025-27111DEBIAN-CVE-2025-27111CGA-2vpr-2crp-vv58CGA-399j-wx66-h65gCGA-5cq5-gmhg-c47wCGA-fxvp-jr3r-h4jfCGA-hvpq-v9f9-6m7pCGA-jmjr-v959-2qjfCGA-prqv-r367-fcfqCGA-x43j-gjqw-gwgfCGA-xm7p-8295-hmw9CGA-xxvj-9ww5-33vwSUSE-SU-2025:1492-1openSUSE-SU-2025:14859-1GHSA-8cgq-6mh2-7j6v
Published 04-03-2025Last modified 03-11-2025
Vulnerability summary
CVE-2025-27111 is a high (CVSS 7.5) CRLF Injection vulnerability in rack. EPSS estimates a 0.75% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 54.1% of scored vulnerabilities.
CVSS score
7.5/10
010
High · v3.1 (NVD)EPSS score
0.75%
0%100%
Low · +0.01 pp in 30 daysKEVNot listedIn no KEV catalog
RansomwareNone recordedNo known use recorded
Public exploits0No public exploits recorded
Advisory lineage
Upstream 0 · Downstream 9 · Related 9Timeline
- 04-03-2025PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
- 03-11-2025Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.
Description
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. The Rack::Sendfile middleware logs unsanitised header values from the X-Sendfile-Type header. An attacker can exploit this by injecting escape sequences (such as newline characters) into the header, resulting in log injection. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.2.12, 3.0.13, and 3.1.11.
CVSS metrics
9 scores · 7 sources · 2 versionsMedium 6.9Preferred score · CVE.org (CNA)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:NSourcesAll 6 agree
- OSV · UbuntuEcosystem advisory · calculated6.9MediumCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
- OSV · WolfiEcosystem advisory · calculated6.9MediumCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
- OSV · ChainguardEcosystem advisory · calculated6.9MediumCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
- OSV · RubygemsEcosystem advisory · calculated6.9MediumCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
- NVDNIST6.9MediumCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
High 7.5Preferred score · NVD (NIST)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:NSourcesAll 3 agree
- OSV · UbuntuEcosystem advisory · calculated7.5HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
- OSV · DebianEcosystem advisory · calculated7.5HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
EPSS trend
Probability
0.75%
Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days
Percentile
54%
Versus all other CVEs
30-day change
+0.01 pp
From 0.74% on 19-09-2026
19-09-202619-10-2026
EPSS score0.75%
Known exploited
Compare KEV catalogsNot in any of the 3 tracked catalogs.
Public exploits
0 foundNo public exploits indexed.
Weaknesses
CWE · root cause- CWE-93Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection')The product uses CRLF (carriage return line feeds) as a special element, e.g. to separate lines or records, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes CRLF sequences from inputs.
- CWE-117Improper Output Neutralization for LogsThe product constructs a log message from external input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements when the message is written to a log file.
Affected systems
Chainguard5 products
- logstash-8-with-output-opensearch< 8.17.3-r1
- ruby3.2-rack-2.2< 2.2.22-r0
- ruby3.3-rack-2.2< 2.2.22-r0
- ruby3.4-rack-2.2< 2.2.22-r0
- ruby4.0-rack-2.2< 2.2.22-r0
Wolfi5 products
- logstash-8-with-output-opensearch< 8.17.3-r1
- ruby3.2-rack-2.2< 2.2.22-r0
- ruby3.3-rack-2.2< 2.2.22-r0
- ruby3.4-rack-2.2< 2.2.22-r0
- ruby4.0-rack-2.2< 2.2.22-r0
Opensuse2 products
- rubygem-rack-1_6&distro=openSUSE Leap 15.6< 1.6.8-150000.3.6.1
- rubygem-rack-2.2&distro=openSUSE Tumbleweed< 2.2.12-1.1
Debian1 product
- ruby-rack< 2.2.13-1~deb12u1 | < 3.1.12-1
Rack1 product
- rack≥ 3.0, < 3.0.13 | ≥ 3.1, < 3.1.11 | < 2.2.12 | ≥ 3.0.0, < 3.0.13 | ≥ 3.1.0, < 3.1.11
RubyGems1 product
- rack< 2.2.12 | ≥ 3.0, < 3.0.13 | ≥ 3.1, < 3.1.11
Ubuntu1 product
- ruby-rack< 1.5.2-3+deb8u3ubuntu1~esm9 | < 1.6.4-3ubuntu0.2+esm7 | < 1.6.4-4ubuntu0.2+esm7 | < 2.0.7-2ubuntu0.1+esm6 | < 2.1.4-5ubuntu1.1+esm1 | < 2.2.7-1ubuntu0.2 | < 3.1.16-0.1
7 vendors · 16 products
References
18 links- github.com/rack/rack/security/advisories/GHSA-8cgq-6mh2-7j6vX Refsource CONFIRMREPORTAdvisoryWEBMitigationVendor Advisory
- github.com/rack/rack/commit/803aa221e8302719715e224f4476e438f2531a53X Refsource MISCREPORTFIXWEBPatch
- github.com/rack/rack/commit/aeac570bb8080ca7b53b7f2e2f67498be7ebd30bX Refsource MISCREPORTFIXWEBPatch
- github.com/rack/rack/commit/b13bc6bfc7506aca3478dc5ac1c2ec6fc53f82a3X Refsource MISCREPORTFIXWEBPatch
Show all 18 references
- lists.opensuse.org/archives/…Advisory
- github.com/rack/rackPACKAGE