9.8

CVE-2025-31651: Apache Tomcat: Bypass of rules in Rewrite Valve

Modified
AliasesSUSE-SU-2025:01882-1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-31651DEBIAN-CVE-2025-31651
Published 28-04-2025Last modified 26-02-2026

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2025-31651 is a critical (CVSS 9.8) Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in apache software foundation apache tomcat. EPSS estimates a 4.26% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 91% of scored vulnerabilities.

Priority
Prioritisesevere

Severe, CVSS 9.8 (CVE.org); no exploitation reported by the 5 checked sources; EPSS 4% (FIRST, 03-11-2026)

Source freshness unavailable

How is this decided?
CVSS score
9.8/10
010
Critical · v3.1 (CVE.org)
EPSS score
4.26%
0%100%
Low · +0.07 pp in 30 days
KEVNot listedNot listed by any tracked catalog.
RansomwareNot flaggedNo ransomware use recorded.
Public exploits0No public exploits recorded

Advisory lineage

Upstream 0 · Downstream 27 · Related 11
DLA-4244-1MGASA-2025-0145OPENSUSE-SU-2025:15048-1OPENSUSE-SU-2025:15049-1RHSA-2025:19809RHSA-2025:22925

Timeline

  1. 28-04-2025
    PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
  2. 26-02-2026
    Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible for a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those rewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those constraints could be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.

CVSS metrics

7 scores · 7 sources · 2 versions

EPSS trend

Probability

4.26%

Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days

Percentile

91%

Versus all other CVEs

30-day change

Increase +0.07 pp

From 4.19% on 04-10-2026

04-10-202603-11-2026

Known exploited

Compare KEV catalogs
CISA KEV

Not in the CISA KEV catalog.

ENISA CNW

Not in the ENISA CNW catalog.

CIRCL

Not in the CIRCL catalog.

Public exploits

0 found

No public exploits indexed.

Weaknesses

CWE · root cause

Affected systems

Version check

Known conditions: network-reachable, no authentication, no user interaction (CVSS vector). Other conditions: not stated in public data.

Chainguard7 products
  • camunda-zeebe-8.6< 8.6.15-r1
  • camunda-zeebe-8.6-compat< 8.6.15-r1
  • thingsboard< 4.0.1-r1
  • thingsboard-tb-js-executor< 4.0.1-r1
  • thingsboard-tb-mqtt-transport< 4.0.1-r1
Wolfi5 products
  • thingsboard< 4.0.1-r1
  • thingsboard-tb-js-executor< 4.0.1-r1
  • thingsboard-tb-mqtt-transport< 4.0.1-r1
  • thingsboard-tb-node< 4.0.1-r1
  • thingsboard-tb-web-ui< 4.0.1-r1
Debian3 products
  • tomcat10< 10.1.40-1
  • tomcat11< 11.0.6-1
  • tomcat9< 9.0.70-2
Ubuntu3 products
  • tomcat10< 10.1.16-1ubuntu0.1~esm3
  • tomcat8All versions (No fix recorded)
  • tomcat9All versions (No fix recorded)
Apache1 product
  • tomcat≥ 9.0.0, < 9.0.104 | ≥ 10.1.0, < 10.1.40 | ≥ 11.0.0, < 11.0.6
Apache software foundation1 product
  • apache tomcat≥ 11.0.0-M1, ≤ 11.0.5 | ≥ 10.1.0-M1, ≤ 10.1.39 | ≥ 9.0.0.M1, ≤ 9.0.102 | ≥ 8.5.0, ≤ 8.5.100
Org.apache.tomcat1 product
  • tomcat-catalina≥ 9.0.76, < 9.0.104 | ≥ 10.1.10, < 10.1.40 | ≥ 11.0.0-M2, < 11.0.6 | ≥ 8.5.0, ≤ 8.5.100
Org.apache.tomcat.embed1 product
  • tomcat-embed-core≥ 9.0.76, < 9.0.104 | ≥ 10.1.10, < 10.1.40 | ≥ 11.0.0-M2, < 11.0.6 | ≥ 8.5.0, ≤ 8.5.100
Suse1 product
  • tomcat&distro=SUSE Linux Enterprise Server LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5< 9.0.36-3.142.1

9 vendors · 23 products

References

20 links
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