CVE-2025-4144: cloudflare workers-oauth-provider Improper Authentication

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2025-4144 is a critical (CVSS 9.8) Improper Authentication vulnerability in cloudflare workers-oauth-provider. EPSS estimates a 0.57% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 46.3% of scored vulnerabilities.

Timeline

1. 01-05-2025
   PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
2. 01-05-2025
   Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

PKCE was implemented in the OAuth implementation in workers-oauth-provider that is part of MCP framework https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-mcp . However, it was found that an attacker could cause the check to be skipped. Fixed in: https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider/pull/27 https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider/pull/27 Impact: PKCE is a defense-in-depth mechanism against certain kinds of attacks and was an optional extension in OAuth 2.0 which became required in the OAuth 2.1 draft. (Note that the MCP specification requires OAuth 2.1.). This bug completely bypasses PKCE protection.

• CWE-287Improper AuthenticationWhen an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.