CVE-2025-5120: Sandbox Escape Vulnerability in huggingface/smolagents

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2025-5120 is a critical (CVSS 10.0) Improper Control of Generation of Code vulnerability in huggingface huggingface/smolagents. EPSS estimates a 31.24% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 98.2% of scored vulnerabilities. 1 public exploit is recorded.

Timeline

1. 27-07-2025
   PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
2. 28-07-2025
   Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

A sandbox escape vulnerability was identified in huggingface/smolagents version 1.14.0, allowing attackers to bypass the restricted execution environment and achieve remote code execution (RCE). The vulnerability stems from the local_python_executor.py module, which inadequately restricts Python code execution despite employing static and dynamic checks. Attackers can exploit whitelisted modules and functions to execute arbitrary code, compromising the host system. This flaw undermines the core security boundary intended to isolate untrusted code, posing risks such as unauthorized code execution, data leakage, and potential integration-level compromise. The issue is resolved in version 1.17.0.

• CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of CodeThe product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.