CVE-2025-54571: owasp-modsecurity modsecurity Unchecked Return Value
Vulnerability summary
CVE-2025-54571 is a medium (CVSS 6.9) Unchecked Return Value vulnerability in owasp-modsecurity modsecurity. EPSS estimates a 0.31% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 21.8% of scored vulnerabilities. 1 public exploit is recorded.
Timeline
- 05-08-2025PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
- 03-11-2025Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.
Description
ModSecurity is an open source, cross platform web application firewall (WAF) engine for Apache, IIS and Nginx. In versions 2.9.11 and below, an attacker can override the HTTP response’s Content-Type, which could lead to several issues depending on the HTTP scenario. For example, we have demonstrated the potential for XSS and arbitrary script source code disclosure in the latest version of mod_security2. This issue is fixed in version 2.9.12.
CVSS metrics
6 scores · 4 sources · 2 versions- OSV · UbuntuEcosystem advisory · calculated6.9MediumCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
- NVDNIST6.9MediumCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
- OSV · DebianEcosystem advisory · calculated6.1MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
- NVDNIST6.1MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
EPSS trend
Probability
0.31%
Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days
Percentile
22%
Versus all other CVEs
30-day change
+0.03 pp
From 0.28% on 18-09-2026
Known exploited
Compare KEV catalogsNot in any of the 3 tracked catalogs.
Public exploits
1 foundModsecurity
Maturity: poc
Weaknesses
CWE · root cause- CWE-252Unchecked Return ValueThe product does not check the return value from a method or function, which can prevent it from detecting unexpected states and conditions.
- CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
Affected systems
Suse3 products
- apache2-mod_security2&distro=SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP6< 2.9.4-150400.3.12.1
- apache2-mod_security2&distro=SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP7< 2.9.4-150400.3.12.1
- apache2-mod_security2&distro=SUSE Linux Enterprise Server LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5< 2.8.0-7.12.1
Opensuse2 products
- apache2-mod_security2&distro=openSUSE Leap 15.6< 2.9.4-150400.3.12.1
- apache2-mod_security2&distro=openSUSE Tumbleweed< 2.9.12-1.1
Debian1 product
- modsecurity-apache< 2.9.7-1+deb12u2 | < 2.9.11-1+deb13u1 | < 2.9.12-2 | < 2.9.3-3+deb11u5
Owasp1 product
- modsecurity≥ 2.0.0, < 2.9.12
Owasp-modsecurity1 product
- modsecurity< 2.9.12
Ubuntu1 product
- modsecurityAll versions (No fix recorded)
6 vendors · 9 products
References
11 links- github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/security/advisories/GHSA-cg44-9m43-3f9vX Refsource CONFIRMREPORTExploitVendor Advisory
- github.com/owasp-modsecurity/ModSecurity/commit/6d7e8eb18f2d7d368fb8e29516fcdeaeb8d349b8X Refsource MISCREPORTPatch
