CVE-2025-59033: microsoft windows Unprotected Alternate Channel

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2025-59033 is a high (CVSS 7.4) Unprotected Alternate Channel vulnerability in microsoft windows. EPSS estimates a 0.28% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 19.5% of scored vulnerabilities.

Timeline

1. 08-09-2025
   PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
2. 17-11-2025
   Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

The Microsoft vulnerable driver block list is implemented as Windows Defender Application Control (WDAC) policy. Entries that specify only the to-be-signed (TBS) part of the code signer certificate are properly blocked, but entries that specify the signing certificate's TBS hash along with a 'FileAttribRef' qualifier (such as file name or version) may not be blocked, whether hypervisor-protected code integrity (HVCI) is enabled or not. NOTE: The vendor disputes this CVE ID assignment and states that the driver blocklist is intended for use with HVCI.

• CWE-420Unprotected Alternate ChannelThe product protects a primary channel, but it does not use the same level of protection for an alternate channel.
• CWE-693Protection Mechanism FailureThe product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.