CVE-2025-61662: gnu grub2 Use After Free

CVSS: 7.8v3.1HighModified

AliasesRHSA-2026:4648RHSA-2026:4649RHSA-2026:4652+12 more

Published 18-11-2025Last modified 16-10-2026

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2025-61662 is a high (CVSS 7.8) Use After Free vulnerability in gnu grub2. EPSS estimates a 0.22% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 11.6% of scored vulnerabilities.

Overall risk

31/100

0100

Medium · default modelHow is this calculated?

CVSS score

7.8/10

010

High · v3.1 (CVE.org)

EPSS score

0.22%

0%100%

Low · +0.01 pp in 30 days

KEVNot listedIn no KEV catalog

RansomwareNone recordedNo known use recorded

Public exploits0No public exploits recorded

Advisory lineage

Upstream 0 · Downstream 11 · Related 11

OPENSUSE-SU-2025:15749-1 OPENSUSE-SU-2025:20163-1 SUSE-SU-2025:21062-1 SUSE-SU-2025:21212-1 SUSE-SU-2025:21223-1 SUSE-SU-2025:4143-1+5 more

Timeline

18-11-2025
PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
16-10-2026
Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

A Use-After-Free vulnerability has been discovered in GRUB's gettext module. This flaw stems from a programming error where the gettext command remains registered in memory after its module is unloaded. An attacker can exploit this condition by invoking the orphaned command, causing the application to access a memory location that is no longer valid. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to cause grub to crash, leading to a Denial of Service. Possible data integrity or confidentiality compromise is not discarded.

CVSS metrics

5 scores · 5 sources · 1 version

v3.17.8

EPSS trend

Probability

0.22%

Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days

Percentile

12%

Versus all other CVEs

30-day change

+0.01 pp

From 0.20% on 19-09-2026

19-09-202619-10-2026

EPSS score

0.22%

Known exploited

Compare KEV catalogs

Not in any of the 3 tracked catalogs.

Public exploits

0 found

No public exploits indexed.

Weaknesses

CWE · root cause

CWE-416Use After FreeThe product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.

Affected systems

Redhat29 products

grub2< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-common< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-debuginfo< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-debugsource< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14
grub2-efi-aa64< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23

grub2-efi-aa64-cdboot< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23
grub2-efi-aa64-modules< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23
grub2-efi-ia32< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-efi-ia32-cdboot< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-efi-ia32-modules< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-efi-x64< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-efi-x64-cdboot< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-efi-x64-modules< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-emu-debuginfo< 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1
grub2-pc< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-pc-modules< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-ppc-modules< 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-ppc64< 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-ppc64-modules< 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-ppc64le< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-ppc64le-modules< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-tools< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-tools-debuginfo< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14
grub2-tools-efi< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23
grub2-tools-efi-debuginfo< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14
grub2-tools-extra< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-tools-extra-debuginfo< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14
grub2-tools-minimal< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.06-86.el9_4.4 | < 1:2.06-105.el9_6.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.06-61.el9_2.11 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14 | < 1:2.06-27.el9_0.23 | < 1:2.02-0.87.el7_9.16
grub2-tools-minimal-debuginfo< 1:2.02-170.el8_10.1 | < 1:2.12-29.el10_1.2 | < 1:2.12-15.el10_0.2 | < 1:2.02-152.el8_8.3 | < 1:2.02-123.el8_6.19 | < 1:2.06-114.el9_7.1 | < 1:2.02-99.el8_4.13 | < 1:2.02-87.el8_2.14

Show all 29

Ubuntu3 products

grub2All versions (No fix recorded)
grub2-signedAll versions (No fix recorded)
grub2-unsignedAll versions (No fix recorded)

Debian1 product

grub2All versions (No fix recorded) | < 2.14-1

Gnu1 product

grub2≤ 2.14

4 vendors · 34 products

References

43 links

access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10097Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHAT
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:14773Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHAT
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:15087Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHAT
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:17596Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHAT
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4648Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHATAdvisory
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4649Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHATAdvisory
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4652Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHATAdvisory
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4653Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHATAdvisory
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4654Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHATAdvisory
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4760Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHATAdvisory

Show all 43 references

access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4822Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHATAdvisory
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4823Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHATAdvisory
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4830Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHATAdvisory
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4900Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHATAdvisory
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4998Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHATAdvisory
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:5074Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHATAdvisory
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:5127Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHAT
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:5233Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHATAdvisory
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6492Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHAT
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7239Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHAT
access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7243Vendor AdvisoryX Refsource REDHAT
access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-61662VDB EntryX Refsource REDHATREPORTThird Party Advisory
bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2414683Issue TrackingX Refsource REDHATREPORTThird Party Advisory
lists.gnu.org/archive/html/grub-devel/2025-11/msg00155.htmlARTICLE
www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/11/18/5REPORTMailing ListPatch
access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/ARTICLE
security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2026/rhsa-2026_4648.jsonAdvisory
www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-61662AdvisoryREPORT
nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61662AdvisoryOval
security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2026/rhsa-2026_4649.jsonAdvisory
security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2026/rhsa-2026_4652.jsonAdvisory
security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2026/rhsa-2026_4653.jsonAdvisory
security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2026/rhsa-2026_4654.jsonAdvisory
security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2026/rhsa-2026_4760.jsonAdvisory
security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2026/rhsa-2026_4822.jsonAdvisory
security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2026/rhsa-2026_4823.jsonAdvisory
security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2026/rhsa-2026_4830.jsonAdvisory
security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2026/rhsa-2026_4900.jsonAdvisory
security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2026/rhsa-2026_4998.jsonAdvisory
security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2026/rhsa-2026_5074.jsonAdvisory
security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/advisories/2026/rhsa-2026_5233.jsonAdvisory
ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-61662REPORT
security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2025-61662Advisory

Vulnerability summary

Advisory lineage

Timeline

Description

CVSS metrics

EPSS trend

Known exploited

Public exploits

Weaknesses

Affected systems

References

Related vulnerabilities