CVE-2025-64096: nasa cryptolib Stack-based Buffer Overflow

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2025-64096 is a high (CVSS 8.8) Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in nasa cryptolib. EPSS estimates a 0.52% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 42.7% of scored vulnerabilities. 1 public exploit is recorded.

Timeline

1. 30-10-2025
   PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
2. 09-01-2026
   Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. Prior to 1.4.2, there is a missing bounds check in Crypto_Key_update() (crypto_key_mgmt.c) which allows a remote attacker to trigger a stack-based buffer overflow by supplying a TLV packet with a spoofed length field. The function calculates the number of keys from an attacker-controlled field (pdu_len), which may exceed the static array size (kblk[98]), leading to an out-of-bounds write and potential memory corruption. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.2.

• CWE-121Stack-based Buffer OverflowA stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).