CVE-2025-66221: pallets werkzeug

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2025-66221 is a medium (CVSS 6.3) vulnerability in pallets werkzeug. EPSS estimates a 0.51% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 42.2% of scored vulnerabilities.

Timeline

1. 29-11-2025
   PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
2. 01-12-2025
   Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. Prior to version 3.1.4, Werkzeug's safe_join function allows path segments with Windows device names. On Windows, there are special device names such as CON, AUX, etc that are implicitly present and readable in every directory. send_from_directory uses safe_join to safely serve files at user-specified paths under a directory. If the application is running on Windows, and the requested path ends with a special device name, the file will be opened successfully, but reading will hang indefinitely. This issue has been patched in version 3.1.4.

• CWE-67Improper Handling of Windows Device NamesThe product constructs pathnames from user input, but it does not handle or incorrectly handles a pathname containing a Windows device name such as AUX or CON. This typically leads to denial of service or an information exposure when the application attempts to process the pathname as a regular file.