CVE-2025-66471: urllib3 Streaming API improperly handles highly compressed data

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2025-66471 is a high (CVSS 8.9) vulnerability in python urllib3. EPSS estimates a 0.68% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 52.5% of scored vulnerabilities.

Timeline

1. 05-12-2025
   PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
2. 05-12-2025
   Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

urllib3 is a user-friendly HTTP client library for Python. Starting in version 1.0 and prior to 2.6.0, the Streaming API improperly handles highly compressed data. urllib3's streaming API is designed for the efficient handling of large HTTP responses by reading the content in chunks, rather than loading the entire response body into memory at once. When streaming a compressed response, urllib3 can perform decoding or decompression based on the HTTP Content-Encoding header (e.g., gzip, deflate, br, or zstd). The library must read compressed data from the network and decompress it until the requested chunk size is met. Any resulting decompressed data that exceeds the requested amount is held in an internal buffer for the next read operation. The decompression logic could cause urllib3 to fully decode a small amount of highly compressed data in a single operation. This can result in excessive resource consumption (high CPU usage and massive memory allocation for the decompressed data.

• CWE-409Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)The product does not handle or incorrectly handles a compressed input with a very high compression ratio that produces a large output.