CVE-2026-120757: Heap Buffer Over-read via Non-Terminated Link Data in H5L__extern_traverse

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2026-120757 is a high (CVSS 7.1) Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability in hdfgroup hdf5.

Timeline

1. 03-11-2026
   PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
2. 03-11-2026
   Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

HDF5 through 2.2.0 contains a heap buffer over-read vulnerability in H5L__extern_traverse() in src/H5Lexternal.c, the default traversal callback for external links. The callback locates the target file name and object path within the link’s user data using strlen() without validating the buffer against its stored size (udata_size, which was marked unused). A crafted HDF5 file containing an external link whose data is not NULL-terminated, or is too short to hold both strings, causes strlen() to read past the end of the udata heap buffer, and the derived object path pointer may also point outside the buffer. The overrun is unbounded and continues until a zero byte is found. The flaw is triggered when the malicious link is traversed, for example when opening an object through it. An attacker who can get a user or application to access a crafted file can cause a denial of service, and adjacent heap contents may be incorporated into the external file name or object path the library attempts to open.

• CWE-125Out-of-bounds ReadThe product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.