CVE-2026-28421: vim Improper Input Validation
CVSS: 7.8v3.1HighAnalyzed
AliasesALPINE-CVE-2026-28421UBUNTU-CVE-2026-28421DEBIAN-CVE-2026-28421
Published 27-02-2026Last modified 28-05-2026
Vulnerability summary
CVE-2026-28421 is a high (CVSS 7.8) Improper Input Validation vulnerability in vim. EPSS estimates a 0.20% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 9% of scored vulnerabilities.
CVSS score
7.8/10
010
High · v3.1 (NVD)EPSS score
0.20%
0%100%
Low · +0.02 pp in 30 daysKEVNot listedIn no KEV catalog
RansomwareNone recordedNo known use recorded
Public exploits0No public exploits recorded
Advisory lineage
Upstream 0 · Downstream 18 · Related 4Timeline
- 27-02-2026PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
- 28-05-2026Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.
Description
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Versions prior to 9.2.0077 have a heap-buffer-overflow and a segmentation fault (SEGV) exist in Vim's swap file recovery logic. Both are caused by unvalidated fields read from crafted pointer blocks within a swap file. Version 9.2.0077 fixes the issue.
CVSS metrics
5 scores · 5 sources · 1 versionHigh 7.8Preferred score · NVD (NIST)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HSources5 sources · 5.3–7.8
- CVE.orgCNA5.3MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:LDiffers
- OSV · AlpineEcosystem advisory · calculated7.8HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
- OSV · UbuntuEcosystem advisory · calculated7.8HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
- OSV · DebianEcosystem advisory · calculated7.8HighCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS trend
Probability
0.20%
Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days
Percentile
9%
Versus all other CVEs
30-day change
+0.02 pp
From 0.18% on 19-09-2026
19-09-202619-10-2026
EPSS score0.20%
Known exploited
Compare KEV catalogsNot in any of the 3 tracked catalogs.
Public exploits
0 foundNo public exploits indexed.
Weaknesses
CWE · root cause- CWE-20Improper Input ValidationThe product receives input or data, but it does not validate or incorrectly validates that the input has the properties that are required to process the data safely and correctly.
- CWE-122Heap-based Buffer OverflowA heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
Affected systems
Alpine1 product
- vim< 9.2.0078-r0
Debian1 product
- vimAll versions (No fix recorded) | < 2:9.2.0119-1
Ubuntu1 product
- vim< 2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3.1+esm23 | < 2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.5+esm29 | < 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1.13+esm14 | < 2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.32+esm2 | < 2:8.2.3995-1ubuntu2.26 | < 2:9.1.0016-1ubuntu7.10 | < 2:9.1.0967-1ubuntu6.1 | < 2:9.1.2141-1ubuntu2
Vim1 product
- vim< 9.2.0077
4 vendors · 4 products
References
10 links- github.com/vim/vim/security/advisories/GHSA-r2gw-2x48-jj5pX Refsource CONFIRMREPORTPatchVendor Advisory
