CVE-2026-45149: brace-expansion: Large numeric range defeats documented `max` DoS protection
Vulnerability summary
CVE-2026-45149 is a high (CVSS 7.5) Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in juliangruber brace-expansion. EPSS estimates a 0.30% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 22.8% of scored vulnerabilities.
Not severe (CVSS 6.5, network access); no exploitation reported by the 5 checked sources
Source freshness unavailable
How is this decided?Advisory lineage
Upstream 0 · Downstream 9 · Related 1Timeline
- 29-05-2026PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
- 01-06-2026Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.
Description
The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. From 5.0.0 to before 5.0.6, the max option was being applied too late. When expanding a single large numeric range like {1..10000000}, the sequence generation loop generates all 10 million intermediate elements before the max limit is applied With max=10, the output is correctly limited to 10 items, but the process still allocates ~505 MB and spends ~800ms building the full intermediate array. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.0.6.
CVSS metrics
8 scores · 8 sources · 1 version- CVE.orgCNA6.5MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HDiffers
- OSV · Red hatEcosystem advisory · calculated6.5MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HDiffers
- OSV · UbuntuEcosystem advisory · calculated7.5HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
- OSV · DebianEcosystem advisory · calculated7.5HighCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
- OSV · WolfiEcosystem advisory · calculated6.5MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HDiffers
- OSV · NpmEcosystem advisory · calculated6.5MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HDiffers
- OSV · ChainguardEcosystem advisory · calculated6.5MediumCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:HDiffers
EPSS trend
Probability
0.30%
Chance of exploitation in the next 30 days
Percentile
23%
Versus all other CVEs
30-day change
Decrease -0.06 pp
From 0.36% on 04-10-2026
Known exploited
Compare KEV catalogs
CISA KEVNot in the CISA KEV catalog.
ENISA CNWNot in the ENISA CNW catalog.
CIRCLNot in the CIRCL catalog.
Public exploits
0 foundNo public exploits indexed.
Weaknesses
CWE · root causeAffected systems
Known conditions: network-reachable, no authentication, user interaction (CVSS vector). Other conditions: not stated in public data.
Chainguard48 products
- actions-runner< 2.334.0-r2
- airflow-2All versions (No fix recorded)
- airflow-3< 3.2.2-r8
- airflow-core-2All versions (No fix recorded)
- arangodb-3.12< 3.12.9.4-r15
Wolfi11 products
- airflow-3< 3.2.2-r8
- langfuse-3< 3.175.0-r0
- langfuse-3-worker< 3.175.0-r0
- lerna< 9.0.7-r5
- npm< 11.15.0-r1
Redhat8 products
- nodejs24< 0:24.15.0-1.hum1
- nodejs24-bin< 0:24.15.0-1.hum1
- nodejs24-devel< 0:24.15.0-1.hum1
- nodejs24-docs< 0:24.15.0-1.hum1
- nodejs24-full-i18n< 0:24.15.0-1.hum1
Debian1 product
- node-brace-expansionAll versions (No fix recorded) | < 2.0.3+~1.1.2-3
Juliangruber1 product
- brace-expansion≥ 5.0.0, < 5.0.6
Npm1 product
- brace-expansion≥ 5.0.0, < 5.0.6
Ubuntu1 product
- node-brace-expansionAll versions (No fix recorded)
7 vendors · 71 products
References
14 links- github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-jxxr-4gwj-5jf2X Refsource CONFIRMARTICLEREPORTAdvisoryWEBMitigationVendor Advisory
- images.redhat.comARTICLE
