CVE-2026-54249: VercelAIAdapter trusts client-controlled `providerMetadata` to construct `UploadedFile` — S3/GCS confused deputy via provider metadata injection

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2026-54249 is a medium (CVSS 6.8) Server-Side Request Forgery vulnerability in pydantic pydantic_ai. EPSS estimates a 0.32% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 24.4% of scored vulnerabilities.

Timeline

1. 29-07-2026
   PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
2. 30-07-2026
   Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

Pydantic AI is a Python agent framework for building Generative AI applications. In versions 1.65.0 through 1.105.0, and 2.0.0b1 through 2.0.0b5, a client that submits message history to a Pydantic AI UI adapter (such as the Vercel AI adapter) can reference arbitrary files in the application's model-provider or cloud-storage account. While file URL parts are validated against a scheme allowlist, UploadedFile references — which point to a file by provider file ID or cloud-storage URI (e.g. s3://…, gs://…) — were forwarded without validation. Because the provider resolves an UploadedFile using the server-side identity (IAM role, service account, or provider API key) rather than the client's, an attacker can craft message history to make the server read objects from its own account or other tenants, given a referenceable identifier. Exploitation requires a valid file identifier, which is not always unguessable depending on how the application names objects. This issue has been fixed in versions 1.106.0 and 2.0.0b6.

• CWE-918Server-Side Request ForgeryThe web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.