CVE-2025-2308: HDF5 Scale-Offset Filter H5Z__scaleoffset_decompress_one_byte heap-based overflow

Vulnerability summary

CVE-2025-2308 is a high (CVSS 7.8) vulnerability in hdfgroup hdf5. EPSS estimates a 0.40% chance of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 34.7% of scored vulnerabilities. 1 public exploit is recorded.

Timeline

1. 14-03-2025
   PublishedVulnerability first disclosed.
2. 08-05-2025
   Last modifiedVulnerability information updated.

Description

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in HDF5 1.14.6. This affects the function H5Z__scaleoffset_decompress_one_byte of the component Scale-Offset Filter. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor plans to fix this issue in an upcoming release.

• CWE-119Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory BufferThe product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
• CWE-122Heap-based Buffer OverflowThe product writes past the end of a buffer that was allocated on the heap.
• CWE-787Out-of-bounds WriteThe product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.